Abstract
ABSTRACT Ovotransferrin (OVT) is one of the major proteins in avian albumen that exerts diverse biological activities. This study is aimed to investigate the antiviral effect and mechanism of OVT from the avian egg. Effects of OVT on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected mouse peritoneal macrophage were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot. In OVT-pretreated mouse peritoneal macrophages, results showed that replication of VSV was significantly suppressed and production of type I interferon (IFN) was increased. OVT down-regulated ring finger protein 125 (RNF125) production and up-regulated retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) expression by the nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway, resulting in the enhancement of the production of type I IFN. It demonstrated that the antiviral effect of OVT on innate immunity is enhanced by promoting type I IFN expression, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient.
Highlights
The egg is considered as a rich source of nutrients with high-quality proteins (KovacsNolan, Phillips, & Mine, 2005), especially in the egg white
The total RNA of cells was extracted to analyse vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in macrophages, and the supernatant was collected to determine the titre of virus
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogenic infections
Summary
The egg is considered as a rich source of nutrients with high-quality proteins (KovacsNolan, Phillips, & Mine, 2005), especially in the egg white. These proteins are equipped with various bioactive components. OVT is one of the major proteins in avian albumen, accounting for approximately 12% of total egg white proteins (Kovacs-Nolan et al, 2005). It is an iron-binding glycoprotein consisting of 686 amino acids. It is well known for iron transport and biological abilities (Giansanti, Leboffe, Pitari, Ippoliti, & Antonini, 2012), such as antibacterial
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