Abstract
Viral infections are one of the main human health problems in recent decades and the cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. The development of new antiviral drugs for the treatment of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections continues to be a challenging goal for medicinal chemistry. There is no specific antiviral drug approved to treat infections caused by HAdV so far and the off-label treatments currently available show great variability in their effectiveness. In relation to cancer, most of the available drugs are designed to act on specific targets by altering the activity of involved transporters and genes. Taking into account the high antiviral and antiproliferative activity against tumour cell lines displayed by some marine natural products reported in the literature, sixty five marine organisms we selected: 51 sponges (Porifera), 13 ascidians (Chordata) and 1 gorgonian (Cnidaria), collected from Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, to evaluate their antiviral activity against human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) and their anticancer properties against five human tumour cell lines, namely human lung carcinoma (A549), human skin melanoma (A2058), hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and pancreas carcinoma (MiaPaca-2). Eleven extracts displayed anti-HAdV activity being the organic extracts of Dysidea sp., Agelas citrina, Chondrilla sp., Spongia tubulifera and Monanchora arbuscula the five most active ones. On the other hand, twenty-four extracts showed antiproliferative activity against at least one tumour cell line, being the extracts of the ascidian Eudistoma amanitum and the sponge Haliclona (rhizoniera) curacoensis the most active ones. This work constitutes the first wide antiviral and antiproliferative screening report of extracts from the marine sponges, ascidians, and a gorgonian collected from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
Highlights
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid containing a linear double-stranded DNA whose size ranges from 34 to 37 kb in size (Lion, 2014)
We report the most comprehensive study undertaken to date on antiviral and antiproliferative screening of marine invertebrate species collected along the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula (YP), including a total of 65 organic extracts from sponges, ascidians and gorgonians
The selected species were collected from two different regions of the Yucatan Peninsula: Mexican Caribbean (Cozumel Island, Rio Indio, Mahahual and Bermejo, Quintana Roo) and Campeche Bank (Alacranes Reef and Progreso, Yucatan) in areas that were chosen based on their rich biological diversity present in coral reefs, islands and mangroves (Figure 1)
Summary
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral capsid containing a linear double-stranded DNA whose size ranges from 34 to 37 kb in size (Lion, 2014). Brincidofovir (CMX001), a lipidic conjugate of cidofovir, that finished a phase III clinical trial in 2016 with no reported results so far (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02087306) and is being evaluated for the treatment of serious HAdV infection or disease (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02596997), represents the only potential alternative to be used for the treatment of HAdV infections (Toth et al, 2008; Paolino et al, 2011). Based on this scenario, the research on additional drugs with increased anti-HAdV efficacy is necessary. We report the most comprehensive study undertaken to date on antiviral and antiproliferative screening of marine invertebrate species collected along the coasts of the YP, including a total of 65 organic extracts from sponges, ascidians and gorgonians
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