Abstract
Aim: Zinc and metallothioneins play roles in antiviral activities during viral infection. We previously reported that Japanese rice-koji miso has an antiviral activity against hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in hepatocytes. Materials, methods & results: We observed the zinc homeostasis pathway as a key pathway of antiviral activity of Japanese rice-koji miso against HAV infection in hepatocytes using transcriptome-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Furthermore, zinc sulfate inhibited HAV replicon replication and enhanced glucose-regulated protein 78 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Metallothioneins in conditioned medium were enhanced by zinc sulfate in a dose-independent manner. We also found antiviral activity of zinc sulfate against the replication of the HAV genotype IIIA strain HA11-1299. Conclusion: Zinc may prevent severe hepatitis A.
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