Antiviral Activity of Isobutyl Gallate to Dengue Virus Serotype 2 In Vitro

Abstract

Dengue is one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases in Indonesia that lead to a spectrum of disease, ranging from a flu-like illness to a life-threatening dengue shock syndrome. Despite its high incidence and mortality rate, there is currently no antiviral drug available against dengue virus (DENV). Therefore, research regarding the development of anti-viral to DENV is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of isobutyl gallate, a gallic acid derivative, against DENV in vitro. Various concentration of isobutyl gallate was added to DENV-2 strain New Guinea C (NGC) and infected to Vero cell line. Inhibition of DENV replication as aligned with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined by focus assay. Furthermore, the toxicity of isobutyl gallate that corresponds with cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value was determined by MTT assay. Selectivity index (SI) value was defined as the ratio of CC50 to IC50. Isobutyl gallate showed no cytotoxic effects against Huh 7 it-1 cells with CC50 values of 167.19 μg/mL and exhibited strong antiviral activity with IC50 of 4.45 μg/mL, hence a significant SI value of 25.69. Isobutyl gallate exerts potent antiviral activity against DENV.