Antiviral activity and Antioxidant role of phenolics from &lt;em&gt;Sophora interrupta&lt;/em&gt; Bedd in NDV induced oxidative stress in chickens

Cherukupalle Bhuvaneswar,Chintha Venkata Ramaiah,Pappithi Ramesh Babu,Wudayagiri Rajendra,Gandham Sandeep

doi:10.5138/09750185.2068

Antiviral activity and Antioxidant role of phenolics from Sophora interrupta Bedd in NDV induced oxidative stress in chickens

Cherukupalle Bhuvaneswar, Chintha Venkata Ramaiah + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2068

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Abstract

The present investigation is taken up to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd and their antioxidant role in the brain and lungs of chicken during Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced oxidative stress. The activity levels of selected antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly decreased in brain and lung tissues of NDV infected animals over controls causing oxidative stress. In addition, histopathological alterations disclosed that lungs of NDV infected chicken were affected severely as evidenced by the alterations in alveolar cell morphology, congestion, necrotic and degenerative changes whereas degeneration of Purkinje cells, neuronal necrosis, degeneration in myelin sheath and compression of cells were observed in the brain of NDV infected chickens. These reduced antioxidant defence mechanisms and histopathological abnormalities were restored to normal when chicken were pre-treated with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd at the dose of 300 mg/Kg Bw/day for one week. Pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from the above medicinal plant also caused significant reduction in the titre levels of NDV. These results suggest that pre-treatment with the phenolics isolated from Sophora interrupta Bedd exhibited significant antiviral activity and thus the plant extract may be used as a prophylactic treatment for the prevention of NDV infection in chicken.

Highlights

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major viral diseases of poultry which causes huge damage than the diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infections
The chickens were infected intra muscularly (IM) with different dilutions of ND Virus and 50% mortality rate was determined at 2-3 viral dilution and Infectious Dose-50 of virus (ID50) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was calculated as 10-2.11 and this viral concentration was used in the entire study during NDV infection
This can be concurred with the obtained results that the antioxidant levels in brain and lungs were drastically lessen in NDV infected group upon healthy controls

Summary

Introduction

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major viral diseases of poultry which causes huge damage than the diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infections. DNA and RNA viral diseases [1, 2, 3, 4, & 5] and the overwhelming production of ROS induces lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory injuries [6]. Any alteration in the levels of these substances causes oxidative stress which are characterized by 1) loss of glutathione mediated metabolism, 2) Inhibition of protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, 3) conformational changes in the biomolecules such as lipids, protein and DNA. In order to protect the cellular damage caused due to copious production of free radicals during different degenerative diseases, cells are protected against oxidative stress by an interacting network of antioxidant enzymes [8&9]. It is well established that the ROS play an important role in many pathological conditions in animal systems during the infection caused by different microorganisms like viruses, bacteria and fungi.

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