Abstract
Water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides isolated from two red algae Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae) collected on the coast of Morocco inhibited in vitro replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at 12.5 μg/mL. In addition, polysaccharides were capable of inhibiting the in vitro replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) on Vero cells values of EC50 of 4.1 and 17.2 μg/mL, respectively. The adsorption step of HSV-1 to the host cell seems to be the specific target for polysaccharide action. While for HIV-1, these results suggest a direct inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication by controlling the appearance of the new generations of virus and potential virucidal effect. The polysaccharides from S. coronopifolius (PSC) and B. thuyoides (PBT) were composed of galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, uronics acids, sulfate in ratios of 33.1, 11.0, 7.7 and 24.0% (w/w) and 25.4, 16.0, 3.2, 7.6% (w/w), respectively.
Highlights
Marine seaweeds have proven to be exceptionally rich sources for biologically active metabolites [1,2,3,4,5]
The present study lead to elucidating the chemical composition and antiviral activities against two enveloped viruses Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae) and Boergeseniella thuyoides
Evaluation of molecular mass and analysis of FT IF spectra suggested that the polysaccharide extracted S. coronopifolius could belong to the family of λ-carrageenans with presence of uronic acids and the polysaccharide from B. thuyoides to the agar family
Summary
Marine seaweeds have proven to be exceptionally rich sources for biologically active metabolites [1,2,3,4,5]. Agars are typically low in sulfate ester substitution, but those from numerous sources are rich in methyl ether or pyruvate acetal substitution. Carrageenans are comparatively rich in sulfate ester substitution but poor in methyl ether substitution, and rarely contain significant levels of pyruvate acetal substitution [16]. Their modes of action have been attributed to the blockage of some early stages of the virus replication cycle [17,18]. The present study lead to elucidating the chemical composition and antiviral activities against two enveloped viruses HSV-1 and HIV of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae) and Boergeseniella thuyoides Rhodomelaceae) and the first approach in vitro of time of action
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