Antiviral Activities of Quercetin and Isoquercitrin Against Human Herpesviruses.

Chae Hyun Kim,Jung-Eun Kim,Yoon-Jae Song

doi:10.3390/molecules25102379

Chae Hyun Kim, Jung-Eun Kim + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102379

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Abstract

We previously reported that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of a 70% ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ESE) inhibits varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in vitro. PGG (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose) is a major chemical constituent of the EtOAc fraction of ESE that inhibits VZV but not HCMV replication. In this study, we comprehensively screened the chemical compounds identified in the EtOAc fraction of ESE for potential antiviral properties. Among the examined compounds, quercetin and isoquercitrin displayed potent antiviral activities against both VZV and HCMV with no significant cytotoxic effects. Both compounds strongly suppressed the expression of VZV and HCMV immediate–early (IE) genes. Our collective results indicated that, in addition to PGG, quercetin and isoquercitrin are bioactive compounds in the EtOAc fraction of ESE that effectively inhibit human herpesvirus replication.

Highlights

Herpesviruses cause various diseases in humans and animals [1]
Since PGG exerts antiviral effects against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) but not human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), we focused on the antiviral effects of chemical constituents of the EtOAc fraction of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (ESE) against both viruses in this study with a view to identifying additional bioactive compounds
Ten out of thirteen compounds identified in the EtOAc fraction of ESE that were commercially available were screened for potential anti-VZV and anti-HCMV activity (Figure 1) [5]

Summary

Introduction

Herpesviruses cause various diseases in humans and animals [1]. The virus consists of a large DNA genome within the icosahedral capsid surrounded by tegument proteins and a lipid bilayer composed of several viral and glycoproteins [2]. Human herpesviruses are divided into three subfamilies (alpha, beta, and gamma) on the basis of their biological and molecular properties [3]. The human herpesvirus undergoes two life-cycle phases, lytic replication and latency [1]. The virus executes the lytic-gene cascade involving the coordinated expression of lytic immediate–early (IE), early (E), and late (L) genes. Immediate–early genes encode transactivators of viral and cellular genes to create an optimal cellular state for viral DNA production. Genes encode proteins that facilitate viral DNA replication, and late genes encode viral structural proteins

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