Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common cause of vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy and occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with long-standing diabetes. Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents have revolutionized the treatment of DME and become the standard of care for managing macular edema. Areas covered A literature search was performed in PubMed for all articles in the past ten years that involve DME and at least one anti-VEGF agent, focusing mainly on randomized clinical trials. We provide an overview of three anti-VEGF agents – bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept – and summarize the key evidence regarding their safety and efficacy. In addition, we discuss new anti-VEGF therapies that are currently being developed for DME and other retinal vascular diseases. Expert opinion There is level 1 evidence to demonstrate that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents are safe and effective for the treatment of DME. Anti-VEGF therapy improves visual acuity and decreases retinal thickness associated with DME. Novel anti-VEGF agents and alternative drug delivery systems are currently being investigated as additional therapies for DME.
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