Abstract
Purpose : To evaluate the anti-urolithiatic effect of ferulic acid on ethylene glycol-induced kidney stone in a rat model. Methods : Five groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 rats/group) were used in this study. Group I rats served as normal control. Renal calculus was induced through ethylene glycol (0.75 % v/v in drinking water) administration to all rats for 28 days except those in group 1. Prior to ethylene glycol treatment, ferulic acid was given orally (gavage) to rats in groups III and IV at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively. Rats in group V (positive control) were treated with standard drug, cystone at a dose of 750 mg/kg prior to ethylene glycol administration, while group II rats received no treatment. Kidney tissue and blood serum were sampled after 28 days and used for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results : Rats in group II showed significant increases in oxidative stress pattern as seen in significant reductions in GSH, SOD, GPx, and CAT levels, and significant elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), relative to normal control group (p < 0.05). However, renal calculus formation and oxidative stress were significantly inhibited by ferulic acid treatment in groups III and IV. These results were supported by histopathological findings. Conclusion : Ferulic acid exerts anti-urolithiatic effect via inhibition of oxidative stress. Thus, it has potentials for use in preventing kidney stone formation. Keywords : Urolithiasis, Ferulic acid, Ethylene glycol, Kidney, Histopathology
Highlights
Urolithiasis or renal calculi formation has become a prevailing urological complaint among adults all over the world [1]
The anti-urolithiatic effect of ferulic acid is attributed to its antioxidant nature which prevents oxidative stress induced by ethylene glycol, preventing renal calculi formation
There is need for further studies to elucidate the detailed mechanism involved in the mitigation of urolithiasis by ferulic acid
Summary
Urolithiasis or renal calculi formation has become a prevailing urological complaint among adults all over the world [1]. Understanding the pathophysiology of renal calculi formation and the effect of antioxidants against the process have resulted in the idea of using phyto-compounds as potential therapy for the disease [5]. Oxidative injury caused by the lithogenic effect of ethylene glycol is known to induce formation of renal calculi in rat models, because epithelial cell damage is a crucial factor in kidney stone formation [6]. Ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi formation in rats is a popular in vivo model for anti-urolithiasis studies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental mediators of vast biological processes. These free radicals are harmful during oxidative stress, causing injuries which lead to serious ailments [7]. The pharmacological effects of natural antioxidants have been documented through numerous studies involving in vitro and in vivo models [11]
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