Abstract
Introduction: Piper cubeba is a well-known traditional plant used in unani medicine belonging to the Piperaceae family and has been examined for the treatment of urolithiasis produced by calcium oxalate. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Piper cubeba (EEPC) dried fruits was subjected to phytochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting. An in vitro antiurolithiatic analysis took place through conductometric titrations of CaCl2 with Na2C2O4. Acute toxicity studies conducted as per OECD guidelines. Urolithiasis was established in rats by supplementing 28 days with 0.75% ethylene glycol in the ingesting water. Beside ethylene glycol, EEPC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was given orally from 15 - 28 days, serum and urine were collected from individual animals and biochemical parameters like BUN, creatinine along with uric acid in serum as well as calcium, oxalate and phosphate in urine the kidney homogenate have been measured on 28th day. Kidney sections have been organized and histopathologically tested for calcium oxalate crystals. Results: Phytochemical analysis of EEPC disclose the presence of phenolics, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids and HPTLC fingerprinting shows the presence of 7 terpenoids, 2 flavonoids when scanned at 540nm and 366nm. In vitro studies showed reduction in CaOx crystal aggregation and promoted nucleation after treatment with EEPC. In vivo studies also showed reduction in elevated levels of serum creatinine, BUN, uric acid, and levels of calcium, oxalate and phosphate in urine and kidney homogenate as compared to disease control rats. The results were supported by histopathological studies. Conclusion: The EEPC have shown significant antiurolithiatic activity by reducing calculi.
Highlights
Piper cubeba is a well-known traditional plant used in unani medicine belonging to the Piperaceae family and has been examined for the treatment of urolithiasis produced by calcium oxalate
Ethanolic extract of Piper cubeba (EEPC) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was given orally from 15 - 28 days, serum and urine were collected from individual animals and biochemical parameters like blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine along with uric acid in serum as well as calcium, oxalate and phosphate in urine the kidney homogenate have been measured on 28th day
The “ethanolic extract of Piper cubeba dried fruits showed the presence of 7 terpenoids, 2 flavonoids with different Rf values and % of area when scanned at 540nm (Figure 1) and 366nm (Figure 2) respectively for terpenoids and flavonoids after derivatization (Table 1)
Summary
Piper cubeba is a well-known traditional plant used in unani medicine belonging to the Piperaceae family and has been examined for the treatment of urolithiasis produced by calcium oxalate. Some common causes include insufficient urinary drainage, external bodies in urinary area, bacterial contagions, and excessive oxalate along with calcium diets, gout and intestinal dysfunction[1] It comprises as a worldwide health issue with an incidence of up to 5 % in the overall public, but its prevalence is greater in certain geographic areas like 70 % in Gulf nations, 15 % in the US and Turkey, 11 % in India as well as 4-8 % in United Kingdom[2,3].This condition is almost twofold as mutual in males as in females along with its occurrence is rises as per age in adults[4]. The given study was made an attempt to found the scientific data for the antiurolithiatic activity of EEPC beside ethylene glycol produced urolithiasis in rats
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