Abstract
Objective: In India Indigenous system of medicine, the plant Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms is claimed to be useful for different ailments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the significant activity of the ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms whole plant in the treatment of renal stone by ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rat will be divided into four groups. All the animals received EG 0.75%v/v by orally for 28 days. Group I was received 0.75%v/v EG for 28 days. Groups II, III, and IV were received cystone, ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms (200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), respectively, administered orally from 15th to 28th day for curative regimen. Animals were housed in metabolic cages and collect the 24 h urine samples and serum samples on the 7th, 14th, 21th, and 28th day of the experiments. Under the microscopical study to observe the crystals in urine sample. The biochemical parameters monitored in the present study are calcium, oxalate, magnesium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in urine and serum samples. Results: The EG feeding resulted in elevated renal excretion of calcium, phosphate, oxalate, and decreased renal excretion of magnesium as well-elevated serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid, urea, LDH levels, and decreased the urine pH and urine volume. Treatment of the ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms significantly reduced the elevated calcium, phosphate, oxalate in urine as well as BUN, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and LDH level in serum. It also restores the normal urine pH and promotes the urine output. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity evident from urine calcium, phosphate, oxalate levels and serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid, urea and LDH levels.
Highlights
Today urological practice, urinary stone continues to occupy an important place
Urinary stone is more prevalent between the ages of 20 and 40 in both sexes [1]
Ethylene glycol (EG)-induced kidney toxicity occurs within 24–72 h of post-ingestion
Summary
Urinary stone continues to occupy an important place. Urinary stones mostly affect 10–12% of the population in industrialized countries. Calcium-containing stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate and basic calcium phosphate are the most commonly occur ones to an extent of 75–90%. Most commonly occurring stones are calcium oxalate or magnesium ammonium phosphate type [2]. EG-induced kidney toxicity occurs within 24–72 h of post-ingestion. Oxalic acid binds with calcium to form calcium oxalate crystals which may deposit in the kidney [4]. This can result in hematuria and proteinuria, increased creatinine, and renal failure [5]. ESWL might show some significant side effects such as tissue damage to the kidney [6]. URS produced ureteric perforation and stricture formation remains around 2–4% [7]
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