Abstract
Carpolobia lutea leaves (CLL) (Polygalaceae) were earlier screened and the antiulcer ethnomedicinal claim established. This article seeks to quantitatively isolate, elucidate the active compounds from most active CLL fraction. Fractionation was by semi-preparative HPLC; the active fraction was subjected to radical scavenging assays (RSA) and quantification of the total phenolic content (TPC) were also executed. Results: Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was observed to be the most pharmacologically active antiulcer fraction when screened using acute ulcer models induced in rodents. The EAF demonstrated significant (p 70% in TPC and < 20 % in RSA. Cinnamic and coumaric acids derivatives were isolated from EAF. Cinnamic acids have been implicated and patented as antiulcer agent. Isolated compounds could in part mediate the observed pharmacological activities which lend credence to its ethnobotanical uses.
Highlights
The burden of non–communicable diseases account for 69% of all global deaths by 2030 with 80% of these deaths in low-income and middle-income countries (Samb et al, 2010)
Chemicals The chemicals used were all of analytical grade: absolute ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetic acid (Reidel-de Haem, Germany), methanol (Synth, Brazil), cimetidine, omeprazole, propanolol, cystaemin hydrochloride, acetyl salicylic acids, indomethacin were all purchased from Sigma Chemical Co
Determination of Total Phenolics Content (TPC) The quantification of total phenolic content (TPC) for the polar extract and fractions revealed that the percentage of TPC increased from 61.33, 78.67, and 90.78 to 136.22 μg/ml for ethanol fraction (ETF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), crude ethyl acetate (CEAE) and crude ethanol extract (CETE) of Carpolobia lutea leaves (CLL) respectively (Figure 1)
Summary
The burden of non–communicable diseases account for 69% of all global deaths by 2030 with 80% of these deaths in low-income and middle-income countries (Samb et al, 2010). 50% (over 3 billion) of the world populations are known to be infected with Helicobacter pylori, mainly in the developing countries. Hundreds of millions of people develop peptic ulceration during their lifetime and still tens of millions might progress to gastric cancer (Barik, 2009). Approximately 60% of the world’s population relies on plants for medication (Falbriant and Farnsworth, 2001) and plants have been the raw material for synthesis of many drugs and new therapeutic agents (Andreo et al, 2006). Traditional remedies world-wide are used to treat various gastric disorders since thousands of years (Gurbuz and Yesilada, 2007). Plants with divers chemical compounds possessing anti-ulcerogenic property have been reviewed (Lewis and Hanson, 1991)
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