Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity from various solvents of peanut shell extracts and to find out if the activityis better than kojic acid which is a conventional compound used as anti-hyperpigmentation agent.Methods: Extraction was done by maceration method with various solvents of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and 70% ethanol. Extracts were made into theseries concentration of 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml. Kojic acid with concentration of 50 μg/ml used as positive control and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide used asnegative control. Tyrosinase enzyme will react with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine substrate to produce dopachrome compound. The absorbance ofdopachrome read by microplate reader at λ = 492 nm. If the absorbance read by the microplate reader is low, means that the inhibition power of thepeanut shell extract against the tyrosinase enzyme is high. Anti-tyrosinase activity seen by the percentage inhibition value. The percentage inhibitionvalue was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U-test; all tests were carried out with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The mean of percentage inhibition value of n-hexane extract ranged from 12.44 ± 1.66% to 39.82 ± 1.33%, 70% of ethanol extract rangedfrom 39.98 ± 0.85% to 70.19 ± 1.98%, and ethyl acetate extract ranged from 17.85 ± 0.78% to 60.30 ± 0.97%. Kojic acid has mean percentageinhibition value of 78.19 ± 1.97%. IC50 of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was, respectively, 40.53 μg/ml, 63.49 μg/ml, and 91.95 μg/ml.Ethanol extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. Ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoid.Conclusion: All various solvents of peanut shell extracts have anti-tyrosinase activity but not better than kojic acid. Ethanol extract with concentrationof 75 μg/ml has the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity.
Highlights
IntroductionThere are many things that trigger hyperpigmentation, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, can make the tyrosinase enzyme overwork to convert L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to dopachrome, which eventually turns into melanin [1]
Hyperpigmentation is still a serious problem for Indonesian women
N-hexane solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, pH 6.8 phosphate buffer made from KH2PO4 and NaOH, ethyl acetate solvent, and 70% ethanol solvent were obtained from PT
Summary
There are many things that trigger hyperpigmentation, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, can make the tyrosinase enzyme overwork to convert L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to dopachrome, which eventually turns into melanin [1]. During this time, hyperpigmentation in Indonesia is overcome using kojic acid or hydroquinone as tyrosinase inhibitors, but kojic acid has side effects including allergies and irritation [2,3], while hydroquinone has side effects including irritation and ochronosis [4]. We used a variety of solvents to attract various active compounds contained in peanut shells to assess the anti-tyrosinase activity
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