Abstract
There is no effective treatment for patients with poorly differentiated papillary thyroid cancer or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Anlotinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has already shown antitumor effects in various types of carcinoma in a phase I clinical trial. In this study, we aimed to better understand the effect and efficacy of anlotinib against thyroid carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that anlotinib inhibits the cell viability of papillary thyroid cancer and ATC cell lines, likely due to abnormal spindle assembly, G2/M arrest, and activation of TP53 upon anlotinib treatment. Moreover, anlotinib suppresses the migration of thyroid cancer cells in vitro and the growth of xenograft thyroid tumors in mice. Our data demonstrate that anlotinib has significant anticancer activity in thyroid cancer, and potentially offers an effective therapeutic strategy for patients of advanced thyroid cancer type.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of endocrine system, with a rapid worldwide increase over recent decades (Enewold et al 2009, Kilfoy et al 2009, Chen et al 2016)
Anlotinib inhibits the proliferation of PTC and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells
The viability of cells in all six thyroid cancer cell lines were all reduced when the concentration of anlotinib was greater than 1 μM (Supplementary Fig. 1A, see section on supplementary data given at the end of this article)
Summary
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of endocrine system, with a rapid worldwide increase over recent decades (Enewold et al 2009, Kilfoy et al 2009, Chen et al 2016). The disease is classified into three types based on pathological characteristics: papillary carcinoma (PTC), follicular carcinoma (FTC) and anaplastic carcinoma (ATC) (Cho et al 2013). Most thyroid cancer patients become disease-free after initial treatment with surgical resection, radioiodine, and thyroid hormone therapy (McFarland & Misiukiewicz 2014). There are few treatment options available for patients with advanced disease, including radioiodine-resistant and metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Tumors initially categorized as poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) or ATC are often highly aggressive and recurrent. In addition to their aggressive growth and metastasis, loss of the capacity to uptake iodine makes both PDTC and ATC difficult to treat, leading to poor prognosis
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