Abstract
Proanthocyanidin (PAC) is a promising compound that has displayed its potent antineoplastic properties with a specific intrinsic pathway. This precise us to explore the phyto-preventive effect of PAC against colon cancer (HT-29). The results showed that PAC inhibited the cell growth and GI50 value was found to be 6.25 μM for 24 h exposure, when correlated to the normal cell line does not have toxicity was noticed. The linguistic differences, similarly membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage fragmented nuclear bodies and mitochondrial membrane were observed in AO/EtBr and DAPI staining. The features of regular mechanical apoptotic characterization was analyzed by DNA fragmentation. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases was detected using FACS analysis. The early and late apoptotic cells were observed by using Annexin V/PI staining. The ligand–protein interaction and docking studies were performed using Schrodinger’s software. The QPLD analysis of docking studies revealed that PAC exhibited better binding affinity of − 5.23, − 5.17 and − 4.43, − 4.47 kcal/mol against BCL-XL, CDK2 and were compared with 5-FU respectively, which significantly reveals the anticancerous activity of Proanthocyanidin compound. Thus, the PAC compound provides future application of therapeutic option in the treatment of colon cancers.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the highest prevailing destructive tumor mortality in worldwide [1]
The original morphology with several nuclei was maintained by the untreated HT-29 cells and displayed normal, healthy round shape and a consistent size, with smooth cell membrane as shown in (Fig. 2)
Apoptosis surface morphology observed was very similar to the HT-29 cells, when treated with PAC
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the highest prevailing destructive tumor mortality in worldwide [1]. CRC is treated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, depending on the tumor site and disease stage. These chemotherapy drugs are formulated to disrupt tumor cell microtubule signals and hyperproliferative status of these cells has been inhibiting the cell-cycle arrest and subsequently inducing cell death [2]. Grains and grass are a fabulous source of flavonoids. These flavonoids have acquired a developing consideration in the field of pharmacology due to their assorted therapeutic effects. The access to phyto-medicine had been adopted, strongly in the therapy for many groups of tumor [3, 4], which produced better chemopreventive effects when they are derived from natural sources. The low concentration of phyto-medicine compound displays successful treatment for treating malignancy cells without influencing typical cells
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