Abstract
Calocedrus formosana Florin is a softwood tree species with high economic value in Taiwan. Several bioactivities of the extracts of C. formosana have been reported; however, only one study focused on the anti-non-small-cell lung cancer cells’ (anti-NSCLC) effect of C. formosana extract and its active phytocompound. In the present study, the anti-lung cancer effects of C. formosana leaf extract and its active derivative yatein were evaluated. The results revealed that the n-hexane fraction of the crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity potential against two non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, namely A549 and CL1-5. Yatein, isolated from the n-hexane fraction, exhibited the highest cytotoxicity in the A549 and CL1-5 cells. In addition, the CL1-5 cells were more sensitive than the A549 cells after yatein treatment. Flow cytometry results revealed that yatein induced apoptosis in the two cell lines. Furthermore, expression of regulatory proteins related to apoptosis, such as caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), increased in the A549 and CL1-5 cells after yatein treatment. These findings provide insight into the in vitro anti-lung tumor efficacy of yatein, thus rendering this phytocompound a potential anticancer lead compound for NSCLC treatment.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer among men and women, and causes approximately 1.6 million deaths each year [1]
Cytotoxicity of C. formosana leaf extract in human Non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and CL1‐5 cells To evaluate the cytotoxic potential of C. formosana leaf extract in human NSCLC cells, the cell viability of A549 and CL1-5 cells after treatment with a methanolic extract of C. formosana leaf and its derived soluble fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH, and water fraction) for 24 h were determined using the MTT assay
The present study demonstrated for the first time the in vitro anti-NSCLC effects of C. formosana leaf extract and its active derivative yatein
Summary
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer among men and women, and causes approximately 1.6 million deaths each year [1]. Non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC), including lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer, accounts for more than 85% of lung cancer cases [3, 4]. The cytotoxic effects of plant extracts have been widely studied [8, 9]. In addition to its high industrial value, studies have reported multiple bioactivities of the extract of C. formosana, including antimicrobial activity [11], antioxidant activity [12,13,14], cytotoxicity [15, 16], and immunoregulatory effects [17, 18]. Yuan et al [16] demonstrated that C. formosana leaf
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