Abstract
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is an endogenous metabolite derived from ceramide as part of the sphingomyelin cycle. It is a potent molecular messenger which exerts its function both intracellularly and extracellularly. Intracellularly, S1P acts as a second messenger regulating calcium mobilization, and cellular proliferation and survival. Extracellularly, S1P acts as a ligand of the G‐protein‐coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) and mediates a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Levels of S1P and other sphingosine metabolites are maintained in a delicate balance through the action of two enzymes, sphingosine kinase (SK) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate lyase (SPL). Our previous studies showed that exogenously administered S1P (concentration: 1 µM) exhibited synergistic effects with chemotherapy drugs in human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐361 cells [1, 2]. Herein, we report other cell lines and mouse xenograf study results on the antitumor activity of S1P.
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