Abstract
The primary objective of the current work was to investigate the antitumor potential of Primula macrophylla extracts in human colon cancer cell line (Colo-205) along with evaluating the effects on apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell viability was assessed by tetrazolium-based MTT assay. Flow cytometry measurement was carried out to assess the effect of the extract on cell cycle phase distribution and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Results showed that P. macrophylla methanol extract was effective and exhibited highest cell growth inhibition (IC50 value, 26.17 ?g/mL). Methanol extract significantly increased the side-scattering profile of Colo-205 cells in concentration-dependent pattern. Exposure of Colo-205 cells with different concentrations of the methanol extract (0-80 ?g/mL) caused dose-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest along with inducing apoptotic cascade by increasing the population of cells at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, methanol extract treatment caused an increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarization in Colo-205 cells.
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Highlights
Among all types of cancers, colon cancer stands as the third most commonly diagnosed and second most cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States (Rebecca et al, 2014)
The present study reports the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of different extracts of P. macrophylla in human colon cancer cells (Colo-205)
The proliferation of Colo-205 cells was minimally affected by ethanol extract with highest cell growth inhibition of 61.5 ± 2.1 and IC50 value of 51.0 μg/mL (Table I)
Summary
Among all types of cancers, colon cancer stands as the third most commonly diagnosed and second most cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States (Rebecca et al, 2014). Intake of fruits and vegetables is known to impart a reduction in the incidence of different types of cancers including colon cancer and ischemic heart diseases (Mathew et al, 2004; Fleischauer et al, 2003). Emphasis has been shifted towards the screening of apoptotic inducers from natural sources from plants in the form of extracts or as isolated compounds that increase apoptotic cell death in cancerous cells. (Primulaceae) is an important member of genus Primula, which represent more than 400 species (Richards, 1993). P. macrophylla is a Himalayan species which is widely distributed from
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