Abstract
The resurgence of Human African Trypanosomosis and Animal African Trypanosomosis in the latter part of the 20th century after it had been brought largely under control in the 1960 has been alarming. Methanolic extract of stem bark of Ximennia americana were partitioned to obtain their major phytochemical fractions, these were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities against Trypanosoma congolense. The Flavonoid fraction significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the motility of the blood stream forms with 10mg/ml. However, when the infected mice were treated at 5, 10 and 25mg/ml of the flavonoid fractions, there was a suppression of the growth of the parasites in a dose dependent manner with the 25mg/ml producing the maximum effect. The results further confirm the ethnopharmacological usage of Ximenia americana against Trypanosomosis.KEYWORD: Flavonoid , Ximenia americana, antitrypanosomal activity
Highlights
Trypanosomosis is a group of diseases affecting both man and animals
The in vitro result of the flavonoid extract of stem bark of Ximenia americana on the blood stream forms of Trypanosoma congolense significantly (P
In our preliminary screening using stem bark extract of Ximenia americana for antitrypanosomal activity against blood stream forms, the results showed that methanol extract had activity (Maikai et al, 2008a)
Summary
Trypanosomosis is a group of diseases affecting both man and animals. The disease is most important in cattle due to their grazing activity, but can cause serious losses in pigs, camels, goats and sheep. Any synthetic chemical / medicinal plant /natural product, that is able to delay, suppress the growth, completely prevent the growth or kill the parasites or have potentials to ameliorate anemia, a hall mark sign of trypanosomosis in mammals will delay or prevent the clinicopathological manifestation of the disease could be said to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Nature with its numerous plants is a potential source of new drugs since it contains countless quantity of molecules with a great variety of structures and pharmacological activities (Hoet et al, 2004). Plant products such as quinine, an alkaloid from Cinchona spp (Rubiaceace) and artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) are used to treat malaria. The antitrypanosomal effect of stem bark extracts have earlier been reported (Maikai, 2010)
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