Abstract
Marine organisms exhibit some advantages as a renewable source of potential drugs, far beyond chemotherapics. Particularly, the number of marine natural products with antithrombotic activity has increased in the last few years, and reports show a wide diversity in scaffolds, beyond the polysaccharide framework. While there are several reviews highlighting the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides, reports including other molecules are sparse. Therefore, the present paper provides an update of the recent progress in marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides and quotes other scaffolds that are being considered for investigation due to their antithrombotic effect.
Highlights
Over the last 15 years, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the world’s leading causes of death are ischemic heart disease and stroke, which constitute the number one and two of the top 10 global causes of death and accounted for a combined 15.2 million deaths in 2016 (WHO2018) [1,2]
Concerning antiplatelet activity, several marine compounds were incubated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or washed platelets (WP) or whole blood and platelet aggregation was triggered by plasma (PRP) or washed platelets (WP) or whole blood and platelet aggregation was triggered adding various types and doses of agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, thrombin, by adding various types and doses of agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and/or platelet activating factor (PAF) (Figure 2)
Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta, and the clotting times Activated thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and PT were evaluated
Summary
Over the last 15 years, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the world’s leading causes of death are ischemic heart disease and stroke, which constitute the number one and two of the top 10 global causes of death and accounted for a combined 15.2 million deaths in 2016 The search for orally active and multitarget small molecules as new antithrombotic drugs is an attractive approach to overcome the limitations of current drugs used in therapy [7]. The most abundant marine sources of new antithrombotic compounds are marine algae and invertebrates, producing both macromolecules, such as polysaccharides, and small molecules AlthoughAlthough over the last decades, polysaccharides been identified astherapeutically the most therapeutically explored metabolites and polysaccharides have beenhave identified as the most explored metabolites and suppliers suppliers of new antithrombotic agents; the less explored small molecules have proven to of new antithrombotic agents; the less explored small molecules have proven to be an be anstarting excellent starting point for the development new effective and orally effective drugs.
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