Abstract
Salvia deserta Schang (SDS) belongs to the same family as Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, one of the antithrombotic Chinese herbal medicines. In our study, EtOAc root extracts were analyzed for their effects on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits and FeCl3-induced rat common carotid artery thrombosis as well as on rat blood plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1α), antithrombin-III (AT-III), protein C (PC), plasminogen (PLG), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). EtOAc extracts from SDS roots had significant inhibitory effects on ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate (10.2 ± 2.6 vs control 35.7 ± 5.2; P < 0.05), reduced the FeCl3-induced rat common carotid artery thrombus weight and thrombus area ratio (P < 0.05), significantly decreased plasma TXB2, vWF and PAI-1 levels and increased 6-keto-PGF1α and t-PA levels in a dose dependent manner (all P < 0.05). Thus, the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the ratio of t-PA/PAI-1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In addition, enhanced AT-III and PC activities indicated coagulation inactivation effects of EtOAc SDS root extracts. EtOAc extraction from SDS showed antithrombotic effects, which are likely due to platelet adhesion and aggregation inhibition as well as anticoagulant activities.
Highlights
Numerous genetic, acquired and environmental factors can tip the homeostatic balance in favor of coagulation and lead to the formation of thrombi, which is a common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease, stroke and venous thromboembolism
We investigated whether the different plant parts and extraction methods yielded effective treatments to inhibit platelet aggregation in rabbits, when we found that only root EtOAc soluble fraction (ESF) inhibited platelet aggregation
These findings suggested that Salvia deserta Schang (SDS) root extracts have similar anti-platelet aggregation effects as Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge[19]
Summary
Numerous genetic, acquired and environmental factors can tip the homeostatic balance in favor of coagulation and lead to the formation of thrombi, which is a common pathology underlying ischemic heart disease, stroke and venous thromboembolism. SDS is a species of the Salvia genus like Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, whose root extracts are an important Chinese herbal medicine called Danshen, which can affect hemostasis by several mechanisms including inhibition of platelet aggregation, interference with extrinsic blood coagulation, antithrombin III-like activity and promotion of fibrinolytic activity. It is commonly used in Chinese clinics as antithrombotic therapy[3,4,5,6]. We hypothesized that SDS might have similar antithrombotic effects to Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and we compared the SDS extract and Danshen application outcomes on thrombosis and related factor patterns in rabbit and mouse models
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