Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, are the most common causes of death in developed countries. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of the total cases and is caused by abnormal thrombus formation in the vessels, causing deficient blood and oxygen supply to the brain. Prophylactic treatments include the prevention of thrombus formation, of which the most used is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); however, it is associated with a high incidence of side effects. Angelica gigas Nakai (AG) is a natural herb used to improve blood circulation via anti-platelet aggregation, one of the key processes involved in thrombus formation. We examined the antithrombotic effects of AGE 232, the ethanol extract of A. gigas Nakai. AGE 232 showed a significant reduction in death or paralysis in mice caused by collagen/epinephrine-induced thromboembolism in a dose-dependent manner and inhibition of collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, AGE 232-treated mice did not show severe bleeding in the gut compared to ASA-treated mice. AGE 232 resulted in a decrease in the number of neutrophils attached to the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lower inhibition of COX-1 in response to bleeding and damage to blood vessels, a major side effect of ASA. Therefore, AGE 232 can prevent thrombus formation and stroke.
Highlights
Thrombosis is the localized clotting of blood, which affects blood circulation and may cause stroke
Ischemic strokes start with atherothrombosis, which is characterized by atherosclerotic plaque disruption, leading to platelet activation and thrombus formation, which is released into the bloodstream, blocking the blood flow in the artery and causing ischemia to the target organ [3]
We evaluated the antithrombotic effect of AGE 232, the ethanol extract of A. gigas Nakai and decursin, and its mechanism as a natural alternative to prevent thrombus formation in the prevention of ischemic stroke
Summary
Thrombosis is the localized clotting of blood, which affects blood circulation and may cause stroke. Around 3.2 million people were reported to suffer from stroke, which was found to be the second leading cause of death in 2015. The prevalence of this disease is estimated to increase by approximately 10% in the 20 years, and 116 million people may have one or more forms of cardiovascular disease, costing around. Ischemic strokes start with atherothrombosis, which is characterized by atherosclerotic plaque disruption, leading to platelet activation and thrombus formation, which is released into the bloodstream, blocking the blood flow in the artery and causing ischemia to the target organ [3]. Activation and aggregation at the sides of vascular endothelial disruption caused by atherosclerosis are key events in arterial thrombus formation [4]
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