Abstract
The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the chemical composition and bioactivity of Uvariodendron molundense against Sickle cell disease and associated pathogenic bacteria agents. The antisickling and antibacterial activities were assessed using Emmel and micro-dilution methods respectively. The results revealed that the leaves and stem bark of U. molundense contains various secondary metabolites such as total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, quinones, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and leuco-anthocyanins. The n-hexane (non-polar solvent) extract displayed poor yield (0.66) than the extracts obtained in the polar solvents which have a high yield (Methanol: 1.68, Ethanol: 1.46 and Ethyl acetate: 1.40). These results indicate that the abundant secondary metabolites/compounds in this plant species are those which pass easily through the polar solvents (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate). This is the case of phytomarkers like flavonoids and tannins (which are most concentrated in methanol) and anthocyanins which are concentrated in ethyl acetate. The extraction yield of organic/triterpenoic acids (betulinic acid rich extract) was 1.70%. All tested extracts displayed antisickling activity. At 100 μg/mL, the rates of normalization were 89% for organic extract (ED50 = 0.391 μg/ml) and 82% for anthocyanins extract (ED50 = 0.659 μg/mL). The antibacterial activity of tested extracts was very good toward Staphyloccocus areus (CMI ≤ 31.25 μg/mL) while, for Escherichia coli, only the organic extract exhibit interesting activity (CMI = 31.25 μg/mL). This study validates for the first time the in vitro antisickling activity of U. molundense. The bioactivity profiles of organic acids extract from the studied plant material indicate that they constitute promising fraction to be further investigated phytochemically for the discovery of new lead compounds for pharmaceutical application.
Highlights
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) or Drepanocytosis is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of haemoglobin S in the blood [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
These results indicate that the abundant secondary metabolites/compounds in this plant species are those which pass through the polar solvents
N-hexane and acidified methanol displayed a poor yield
Summary
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) or Drepanocytosis is a genetic disease characterized by the presence of haemoglobin S in the blood [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. It was reported that in DRC, 12% of the children hospitalized in the hospital are sicklers and it is estimated that the annual cost of the treatment is higher than 1000 USD per patient [10], a cost hard to bear for the majority of the population whose average income is lower than 2 USD per day and who for the needs for primary health care turns mainly to traditional medicine and in particular the medicinal plants [11] [12] [13]. The plant species Uvariodendron molundense (Diels) R.E.Fr. belongs to the Annonaceae family It leaves are consumed as traditional tea or used as spice by local communities of Nord Ubangi province in DRC and is effective against bacterial infections. The plant harvested in Cameroon was reported to possess antifungal, antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities [14] [15]
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