Abstract
BackgroundAntisense oligonucleotides are a promising novel class of therapeutic agents to treat different diseases in living things. They provide an efficient method for making target-selective agents because they change gene expression sequences. Therefore, the malfunctioning protein could be stopped, and the source of disease would be obliterated. The existing reviews of antisense oligonucleotides are focusing on discovery, development and concept. However, there is no review paper concerning the latest development of antisense oligonucleotides and their different therapeutic uses. Therefore, the present work has been targeting a comprehensive summary of newly synthesized antisense oligonucleotides and their biological activities.Main bodyAntisense oligonucleotides are different from traditional therapeutic agents that are planned to interact with mRNA and modulate protein expression through a unique mechanism of action. In the last three decades, several researchers revealed the newer antisense oligonucleotides found with a high therapeutic profile due to more selective action on the drug target and thus producing a lesser side effect and low toxicity. This review emphasizes the research work on antisense oligonucleotides and their therapeutic activities.Short conclusionWith the support of the literature review, here we enlisted various antisense oligonucleotides that were prepared by appropriate technique and explored their pharmacological activities. To the best of our knowledge, it is the right time to consider the antisense oligonucleotides as a perfect choice of treatment for different diseases due to conceptual simplicity, more selective action, lesser side effects, low toxicity and permanent cure.Graphical abstract
Highlights
2.1 Design of antisense drugThe design of antisense oligonucleotide strand is easy, but it should fulfil many conditions such as
Short conclusion: With the support of the literature review, here we enlisted various antisense oligonucleotides that were prepared by appropriate technique and explored their pharmacological activities
2.4.1 Antiviral agents Burrer and co-workers reported the antiviral activity of novel phosphorodiamidate antisense morpholino oligomers (P-Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO)) in mouse models infected with murine hepatitis virus (MHV)
Summary
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are accepted widely as potential therapeutics agents for different diseases in human beings [1–3]. It was discovered over 40 years ago, which resulted in modern tools of genomics and. The malfunctioning protein could be stopped, and the source of disease would be obliterated This idea is the basic concept of antisense technology [6]. Antisense oligonucleotides are being researched in human to treat various diseases [9–13] It shows more selective action on the target and produces a lesser side effect, low toxic than the traditional drugs [14, 15]. To the best of our knowledge, the review has completely examined the newer antisense oligonucleotides including concept, design, method of preparation, mechanism of action, and the effect of these agents against different chronic diseases (Fig. 1)
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