Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is a major neglected disease for which the current control strategy involves mass treatment with praziquantel, the only available drug. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new antischistosomal compounds. Methods: The antischistosomal activity of hederacolchiside A1 (HSA) were determined by total or female worm burden reductions in mice harboring Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni. Pathology parameters were detected on HSA against 1-day-old S. japonicum-harboring mice. Moreover, we confirmed the antischistosomal effect of HSA on newly transformed schistosomula (NTS) of S. japonicum in vitro. Results: HSA, a natural product isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, was initially corroborated to possess promising antischistosomal properties. We demonstrated that HSA had high activity against S. japonicum and S. mansoni less in 11 days old parasites harbored in mice. The antischistosomal effect was even more than the currently used drugs, praziquantel, and artesunate. Furthermore, HSA could ameliorate the pathology parameters in mice harboring 1-day-old juvenile S. japonicum. We also confirmed that HSA-mediated antischistosomal activity is partly due to the morphological changes in the tegument system when NTS are exposed to HSA. Conclusions: HSA may have great potential to be an antischistosomal agent for further research.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease caused by digenetic trematodes from the genus Schistosoma mainly comprising three species: Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni andS. haematobium [1,2]
In view of the promising antischistosomal activity of hederacolchiside A1 (HSA), total and female worm burden reductions in juvenile (14-day-old) (Figure 1B) and adult (35-day-old) (Figure 1C) S. japonicum harbored mice decreased in a time and dose-dependent manner
These results revealed the antischistosomal activity of HSA against both juvenile and adult S. japonicum with a dose-response relationship
Summary
Schistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease caused by digenetic trematodes from the genus Schistosoma mainly comprising three species: Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni andS. haematobium [1,2]. Morbidity due to schistosomiasis includes hepatic and intestinal fibrosis (S. mansoni and S. japonicum), and ureteric and bladder fibrosis and calcification of the genitourinary tract (S. haematobium) [8]. As it stands the only clinical available drug against schistosomiasis is praziquantel, that has been used for 40 years [9]. Natural products have been the source of medicines for thousands of years, and provide modern medicine with effective pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diseases caused by parasites [15,16,17]. Methods: The antischistosomal activity of hederacolchiside A1 (HSA) were determined by total or female worm burden reductions in mice harboring Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni. We demonstrated that HSA had high activity against S. japonicum and
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