Anti-SARS-CoV IgG response in relation to disease severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome

Abstract

Background The association between a robust or depressed antibody response and clinical severity of SARS remains unknown. Objectives To study seroconversion and the magnitude of IgG responses in a SARS cohort with different disease severities. Study design and method A retrospective analysis of all acute and convalescent-phase sera collected from a cohort of laboratory-confirmed SARS cases. Anti-SARS-CoV IgG antibody was detected using indirect immunofluorescence technique and quantified by two-fold serial dilutions. Characteristics of patients who seroconverted “early” (<median interval) were compared to those documented to remain sero-negative during the same time interval. Median IgG levels in convalescent-phase sera (collected within 30 days) were compared among patients with different disease severities. Correlations between IgG levels and important laboratory parameters were assessed. Results A total of 325 laboratory-confirmed SARS cases were analyzed; of which 301 (92.6%) had anti-SARS-CoV IgG detected in their sera at the time of sampling. IgG was first detected on day 4 of illness; seroconversion occurred at a median of 16 days (range 4–35 days), and IgG peak levels were reached in the fourth week. Early seroconversion (<day 16) occurred more frequently among patients who required ICU-admission ( χ 2; p = 0.011). Higher IgG levels were detected in patients who required supplemental oxygen (Mann–Whitney; p = 0.002), ICU-admission ( p = 0.001), had negative pre-discharge fecal RT-PCR results ( p = 0.004), and lymphopenia at presentation ( p = 0.028). Peak IgG titres also correlated positively with peak LDH levels (Spearman's r = +0.360; p < 0.001) among survivors. Conclusions Severe SARS is associated with a more robust IgG response.