Abstract
HIV-1 genetic diversity results into the development of widespread drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) for the first-line retroviral therapy. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the relationship between DRMs and HIV-1 subtypes among HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs). This study therefore determined the association between HIV-1 genotypes and DRMs among the 200 IDUs. Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database was used to interpret DRMs. The five HIV-1 genotypes circulating among the IDUs were A1 (25 (53.2%)), A2 (2 (4.3%)), B (2 (4.3%)), C (9 (19.1%)), and D (9 (19.1%)). The proportions of DRMs were A1 (12 (52.2%)), A2 (1 (4.3%)), B (0 (0.0%)), C (5 (21.7%)), and D (5 (21.7%)). Due to the large proportion of drug resistance across all HIV-1 subtypes, surveillance and behavioral studies need to be explored as IDUs may be spreading the drug resistance to the general population. In addition, further characterization of DRMs including all the relevant clinical parameters among the larger population of IDUs is critical for effective drug resistance surveillance.
Highlights
human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity results into the development of widespread drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) for the first-line retroviral therapy
Few studies have investigated the relationship between DRMs and HIV-1 subtypes among HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs). is study determined the association between HIV-1 genotypes and DRMs among the 200 IDUs
Subtype A has been subdivided into A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6, while subtype F has been subdivided into F1 and F2 [21]. is study assessed the relationship between HIV-1-circulating genotypes and drug-resistant mutations among IDUs
Summary
HIV-1 genetic diversity results into the development of widespread drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) for the first-line retroviral therapy. Few studies have investigated the relationship between DRMs and HIV-1 subtypes among HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs). Further characterization of DRMs including all the relevant clinical parameters among the larger population of IDUs is critical for effective drug resistance surveillance. Transmitted drug resistance generally leads to a delay in virologic suppression [4, 5] and results in an increased risk of treatment failure [6]. Drug resistance testing and monitoring of HIV subtypes can improve treatment outcomes in infected individuals [7, 8]. Limited studies have been done on the high-risk group such as injecting drug users (IDUs). Is study assessed the relationship between HIV-1-circulating genotypes and drug-resistant mutations among IDUs Subtype A has been subdivided into A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6, while subtype F has been subdivided into F1 and F2 [21]. is study assessed the relationship between HIV-1-circulating genotypes and drug-resistant mutations among IDUs
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