Antiradical and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory Activity of Ripe and Unripe Fruit of Rubus steudneri Schweinf. (Rosaceae)

Raghavendra Raghavendra H.L,Prashith Kekuda T.R

doi:10.5530/pj.2018.4.139

Abstract

Objectives: A free radical is a molecular species characterized by the presence of an unpaired electron in its outer orbital. Free radicals are highly reactive and are known to damage biomolecules including lipids resulting in a myriad of pathophysiological conditions. The present investigation was carried out to screen antiradical and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of ripe and unripe fruit of R. steudneri. Methods: The powdered ripe and unripe fruit materials were extracted by maceration process using methanol. Antiradical activity of extracts was evaluated by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay was carried out by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Both ripe and unripe fruit extracts were screened for the presence of phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, glycosides, sterols and triterpenoids by standard tests. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated that both ripe and unripe fruit extracts contain saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, sterols and triterpenoids. When compared to unripe fruit extract, ripe fruit extract displayed marked scavenging of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as indicated by lower IC50 values. Conclusion: Overall, ripe fruit extract displayed marked free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extracts might be responsible for observed bioactivities of ripe and unripe fruit of R. steudneri.

Highlights

A free radical is a molecular species characterized by the presence of an unpaired electron in its outermost orbital
Conventional and nonconventional methods have been widely used to extract plant materials. Several methods such as standard phytochemical tests, Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other chromatographic and spectral analyses have been employed to screen the plants for the presence of secondary metabolites.[29,30,31,32,33]
Ripe fruit extract was found to possess all phytochemicals tested while unripe fruit extract was shown to contain all phytochemicals except glycosides

Summary

Introduction

A free radical is a molecular species characterized by the presence of an unpaired electron in its outermost orbital. The radicals derived from oxygen as well as from nitrogen are toxic, damaging and include reactive species such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, peroxyl radical, peroxy nitrite radical, hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide. These radicals are shown to play significant physiological roles such as regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, signaling molecules, receptor activation and nuclear transduction. Much interest is devoted on searching potential alternatives for synthetic antioxidants. Plants and their metabolites (in particular polyphenolic compounds) are shown to be the best resources for antioxidants.[1,2,3,4,5,6]

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Conclusion