Abstract
BackgroundThis study assessed the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome requiring hospitalization in association with the use of certain antipsychotic medications in schizophrenia patients.MethodsA nationwide cohort of 31,177 inpatients with schizophrenia between the ages of 18 and 65 years whose records were enrolled in the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from 2000 to 2008 and were studied after encrypting the identifications. Cases (n = 147) were patients with subsequent acute coronary syndrome requiring hospitalization after their first psychiatric admission. Based on a nested case-control design, each case was matched with 20 controls for age, sex and the year of first psychiatric admission using risk-set sampling. The effects of antipsychotic agents on the development of acute coronary syndrome were assessed using multiple conditional logistic regression and sensitivity analyses to confirm any association.ResultsWe found that current use of aripiprazole (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.27–10.64, p<0.05) and chlorpromazine (adjusted RR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.40–6.24, p<0.001) were associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome. Although haloperidol was associated with an increased risk (adjusted RR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.20–3.44, p<0.01), there was no clear dose-dependent relationship. These three antipsychotic agents were also associated with an increased risk in the first 30 days of use, and the risk decreased as the duration of therapy increased. Sensitivity analyses using propensity score-adjusted modeling showed that the results were similar to those of multiple regression analysis.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia who received aripiprazole, chlorpromazine, or haloperidol could have a potentially elevated risk of developing acute coronary syndrome, particularly at the start of therapy.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is the most deliberating mental illness and has a tremendous impact on a person’s psychosocial functioning
We found that current use of aripiprazole and chlorpromazine were associated with a dose-dependent increase in the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome
Haloperidol was associated with an increased risk, there was no clear dose-dependent relationship. These three antipsychotic agents were associated with an increased risk in the first 30 days
Summary
Schizophrenia is the most deliberating mental illness and has a tremendous impact on a person’s psychosocial functioning. Schizophrenia patients are more prone to several medical comorbidities than the general population, especially metabolic syndrome, pneumonia, and cardiovascular disorders [1,2,3]. Compared with the general population, patients with schizophrenia had a two-fold higher prevalence of cardiovascular disorders [6] which could result in higher risk for cardiovascular related mortality [7]. Acute coronary syndrome is an acute, severe, lifethreatening ischemic event and includes unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction [9,10,11]. This study assessed the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome requiring hospitalization in association with the use of certain antipsychotic medications in schizophrenia patients
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