Abstract
ABSTRACT Antiproliferative effects of fractions of furostanol glycosides (FUG) and spirostanol glycosides (SPG) from yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) and diosgenin on cancer (MCF-7, A 549 and Hep G2) and normal (HS68 and Clone 9) cells, and their apoptotic effects for MCF-7 cells were estimated. All samples exhibited cytotoxic effects not only for cancer cells but also for normal cells. The results were also compared to the cancer chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. SPG had the highest effect followed by diosgenin and FUG. Proliferation of MCF-7 cells could be suppressed by these samples via G0/G1 arrest, and led them to apoptosis by activation of p53 and down-regulation of Akt and breast cancer type 1 expressions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto, a Taiwanese yam cultivar, contains furostanol and spirostanol glycosides. The results of our study suggest that the two kinds of steroidal saponins and their sapogenin (diosgenin) have the potential for cancer chemotherapy. However, their cytotoxicity for normal cells especially with a higher level (>20 µM for furostanol glycosides and diosgenin, and >10 µM for spirostanol glycosides) should also be considered.
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