Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are glycolipid biosurfactants that have been shown to display anticancer activity. In the present study, we report anti-proliferative studies on purified forms of novel SLs synthesized using cetyl alcohol as the substrate (referred as SLCA) and their anticancer mechanism in human cervical cancer cells. Antiproliferative effect of column purified SLCA fractions (A, B, C, D, E and F) was examined in panel of human cancer cell lines as well as primary cells. Among these fractions, SLCA B and C significantly inhibited the survival of HeLa and HCT 116 cells without affecting the viability of normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The two fractions were identified as cetyl alcohol sophorolipids with non-hydroxylated tail differing in the degree of acetylation on sophorose head group. At an IC50 concentration SLCA B (16.32 μg ml-1) and SLCA C (14.14 μg ml-1) blocked the cell cycle progression of HeLa cells at G1/S phase in time-dependent manner. Moreover, SLCA B and SLCA C induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through an increase in intracellular Ca2+ leading to depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in the caspase-3, -8 and -9 activity. All these findings suggest that these SLCAs could be explored for their chemopreventive potential in cervical cancer.
Highlights
Sophorolipids (SLs), belong to the class of glycolipid biosurfactants that are synthesized extracellularly by certain non-pathogenic yeasts
Cetyl alcohol sophorolipid was obtained as a brown viscous product by solvent extraction procedure
The significant ions that occurred at m/z 589 and m/z 631 for fractions B and C were sodium adducts
Summary
Sophorolipids (SLs), belong to the class of glycolipid biosurfactants that are synthesized extracellularly by certain non-pathogenic yeasts. SLs initially gained attention because of the alkane utilizing ability of the yeasts. Later they exponentially attained recognition owing to possession of several properties such as emulsification, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer that played role in various fields like detergent industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals etc. Anti-cancer property of SLs has been extensively studied in past owing to their promising potential and biocompatibility. Researchers have elucidated the cytotoxic effects of SLs produced from Wickerhamiella domercqiae against human lung cancer A549, liver cancer H7402 and esophageal cancer KYSE109, KYSE450 respectively [2,3].
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