Abstract
BackgroundAbrus precatorius possesses various therapeutic properties including anticancer potentials. This study evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of fractions of methanol root extract of A. precatorius on breast and cervical cancer cells and their immunomodulatory effect. Phytochemical screening was done by FTIR and GCMS. In vitro anti-proliferative effect was evaluated on human breast cancer (AU565) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and on murine fibroblast (NIH 3 T3) cells. Antioxidant activity was performed via DPPH radical scavenging assay. The immunomodulatory potential of fractions was evaluated by inhibition of phagocytes oxidative burst (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.ResultsA. precatorius fractions showed different chemical groups and were somewhat selective in antiproliferative activity against studied cancer cells. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values of 18.10 μg/mL and 11.89 μg/mL against AU565 and HeLa cells respectively. Hexane fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited HeLa cells (IC50 18.24 ± 0.16 μg/mL), whereas aqueous fraction showed mild inhibition (IC50 46.46 ± 0.14 μg/mL) on AU565 cell proliferation. All fractions showed no cytotoxicity against NIH-3 T3 murine fibroblast normal cells. All fractions showed potent and significant (p < 0.001) DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as suppressed phagocytic oxidative burst. Hexane (< 1 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL), and butanol (5.74 μg/mL) fractions potently inhibited the cytokine TNF- α, hexane (< 1 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate (< 1 μg/mL) fractions also potently inhibited NO.ConclusionsThe antiproliferative activities and suppressive effect on the phagocytic oxidative burst, NO and proinflammatory cytokine might be due to the synergistic actions of bioactive compounds especially flavonoids present in the assayed fractions and therefore, suggest chemotherapeutic use of A. precatorius in cancer treatment.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both developed and underdeveloped countries
Phytochemical analysis Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several chemical groups: flavonoids/isoflavones
The results of the cytotoxicity of A. precatorius fractions against breast adenocarcinoma (AU565) cell line showed that ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited breast adenocarcinoma proliferation (IC50 18.10 ± 2.68 μg/mL, IC50 46.46 ± 0.14 μg/ mL respectively)
Summary
Phytochemical analysis Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several chemical groups: flavonoids/isoflavones Intense peaks around 1500-3450 cm− 1 indicating the presence of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carbonyl groups, and hydroxyl flavones ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of A. precatorius showed significant (p < 0.001) suppression of oxidative burst generated from zymosan activated polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) (IC50 0.6 ± 0.003 μg/mL, 0.6 ± 0.002 μg/mL, 6.1 ± 0.8 μg/mL respectively) and found to significantly (p < 0.001) inhibit proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α with IC50 values of < 1 μg/mL for hexane and ethyl acetate and 5.74 ± 0.05 μg/mL for butanol fraction respectively. The aqueous fraction was found to be inactive (Table 4)
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