Abstract
Grape pomace is the source of bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan‐3‐ols, and stilbenes) which exhibit antiproliferative actions on cell cultures. We have investigated the antitumoral effects of grape pomace and grape seed extracts on colon cancer cells (Caco‐2, HT‐29) and fibroblasts. Crude extracts prepared from white and red pomace, and grape seeds, reduced the viability and proliferation of Caco‐2. HT‐29 cells were resistant to these actions. Purified extracts were then prepared from the same sources and compared with the LDH test; again, all three extracts were active and purified extract from grape seed was the most potent and specific on Caco‐2 cells. HT‐29 cells were more sensitive to these purified extracts. The biological activity resided almost exclusively in the flavonol and flavan‐3‐ols subfractions, rather than the anthocyanin subfraction. Preliminary results on the mechanisms involved in these effects revealed downregulation of Myc gene expression in HT‐29 and upregulation of Ptg2 in Caco‐2 cells.
Highlights
Great effort has been directed to isolate and characterize potential chemopreventive agents present in vegetables and fruits, since the latter have been hypothesized to be major dietary contributors to cancer prevention (Glade, 1999)
We investigated the antiproliferative and cytostatic effects produced by grape pomace and grape seed extracts on colon cancer cells (Caco‐2, HT‐29) and fibroblasts (CRL2072)
The fpR fraction showed higher specificity on colorectal cancer cells compared to fibroblasts (Figure 5, CRL2072)
Summary
Great effort has been directed to isolate and characterize potential chemopreventive agents present in vegetables and fruits, since the latter have been hypothesized to be major dietary contributors to cancer prevention (Glade, 1999). | 2949 hydroalcoholic mixtures in different proportions and temperatures, including extraction assisted by different systems such as autoclaves or soxhlet extraction (Campos, Leimann, Pedrosa, & Ferreira, 2008; Cruz, Conde, Domínguez, & Parajó, 2007; Cruz, Domínguez, & Parajó, 2004); enzymatic treatments that produce the degradation of cell wall polysaccharides (Maier, Göppert, Kammerer, Schieber, & Carle, 2008; Meyer, Jepsen, & Sørensen, 1998); new technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction with CO2 or modified CO2 (Campos et al, 2008; Pinelo et al, 2007); superheated liquid extraction (Luque‐Rodríguez, Luque de Castro, & Pérez‐Juan, 2007); and treatments based on ultrasonic, pulsed electric field and high hydrostatic pressure (Corrales, Toepfl, Butz, Knorr, & Tauscher, 2008) Many of these procedures are difficult to scale to industrial production. We developed a gene expression study to determine the expression of several cell cycle regulating genes likely influenced by the extracts
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