Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Crude Methanol Extract of Gracillaria edulis against Human Rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd) and Breast Adenocarcinoma (Mcf-7) Cell Lines

Thilina Lakmini Gunathilaka,Dinithi Champika Peiris,Pathmasiri Ranasinghe,Kalpa Samarakoon

doi:10.3390/iecbm2020-08655

Thilina Lakmini Gunathilaka, Dinithi Champika Peiris + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/iecbm2020-08655

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Abstract

Seaweeds are an important source of bioactive metabolites in the development of drugs and nutraceuticals. This study aimed to analyze the antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of the methanol extract (ME) of G. edulis using human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. De-polysaccharide ME of G. edulis was extractedto determine antiproliferative and apoptotic activity. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-cyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake assay, while apoptotic activity was characterized by cellular morphology, DNA fragmentation, and caspase 3/7 assay. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that the decrease in the percentage of cell viability did so in a dose-dependent manner, as signified by cell death. The apoptosis was induced by activating the caspase 3/7 pathway, and the RD cell line showed prominent activation of caspase 3 compared to the MCF-7 cells with low activation. Further, the typical DNA ladder pattern was observed in RD cells, whereas MCF-7 cells did not show a characteristic ladder pattern. Thus, it can be concluded that the ME of G. edulis possesses anticancer activity via activating the caspase pathway.

Highlights

The burden of different types of cancer increased significantly around the globe
The neutral red assay, further, confirmed the potential cytotoxic activity of the extract (IC50RD: 33.47 ± 2.25μg/mL; IC50MCF-7: 35.13 ± 0.95μg/mL) against RD and MCF-7, compared to the standard cycloheximide (IC50RD: 32.78 ± 0.91μg/mL; IC50MCF-7: 27.84 ± 0.33μg/mL) which has ability to act as a protein synthesis inhibitor in eukaryotes
The present study showed the potent cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of methanol extract of G.edulis against human RD and MCF-7 cell lines

Summary

Introduction

The burden of different types of cancer increased significantly around the globe. The World Health Organization projects that, by 2035, the world could see 24 million new cancer cases and 14.5 million cancer-related deaths a year [1]. According to the Cancer Registry of Sri Lanka, about 23,530 cancer cases were reported in 2018, accompanied by 14013 deaths [2]). Skin cancer, and ovarian cancer are the leading cancers affecting women globally [1]. Available cancer treatments cause several side effects with an increased risk of developing secondary cancers due to their long term potential toxic effects. It is vital to keep searching for an effective drug with minimum side effects that may benefit patients suffering from different types of cancer [4].

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