Abstract
BackgroundWe investigated the potential of galangal rhizomes to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the cultured human breast carcinoma cell line, (MCF-7) in compare with the non-malignant (MRC-5) cells.MethodsBoth cells were cultured in DMEM medium and treated with galangal rhizomes for three consecutive days. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate.ResultsThe results showed that the ethanolic extract of galangal rhizomes decreased cell viability in the malignant cells as a concentration- and time- dependent manner. The IC50 values against MCF-7 were determined at 400.0 ± 11.7 and 170.0 ± 5.9 μg/ml after 48 and 72 h respectively. The morphology of MCF-7 cells treated with the ethanolic extract confirmed the cell proliferation assay results. Alpinia galanga induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as determined by flow cytometry.ConclusionsWe concluded that the extract of Alpinia galanga exerts pro-apoptotic effects in a breast cancer-derived cell line and could be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer.
Highlights
We investigated the potential of galangal rhizomes to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the cultured human breast carcinoma cell line, (MCF-7) in compare with the non-malignant (MRC-5) cells
Morphological evaluation To discriminate between the early and late effects of galangal rhizomes action, the malignant (MCF7) and non-malignant control (MRC-5) cells were exposed to increasing the galangal rhizomes concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h (Figure 1)
After 48 h of incubation with the ethanolic extract of galangal rhizomes (250, 500, and 750 μg/ml) morphologic changes were observed in MCF-7 cells versus MRC-5 cells which is consisting of reduction in the number of living cells, volume and rounding until the nucleus constituted the majority of the cellular volume
Summary
We investigated the potential of galangal rhizomes to induce cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the cultured human breast carcinoma cell line, (MCF-7) in compare with the non-malignant (MRC-5) cells. Apoptosis is a gene regulated phenomenon which is induced by many chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment [5]. Alpinia galangal has bben studied by various researchers and a number of active constituents from the plant have been isolated and reported. Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids are found abundantly in this plant [18]. The anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of galangal on the cultured human breast carcinoma, MCF-7 cells, was investigated
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