Abstract
This paper describes a novel feed system for compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna arrays on a single layer of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) by using SIW H-plane right-angled power dividers. The proposed antenna systems are composed of a Vivaldi array and an H-plane right-angled corner power divider which includes an over-moded waveguide section. Based on the number of antennas in the Vivaldi array, mode converter sections at K-band and Ka-band frequencies are designed, fabricated, and measured when feeding Vivaldi antenna arrays with two, three, and four antennas. Right-angled SIW power dividers are employed to obtain controllable phase distribution over the output ports which consequently controls the beam shapes of the systems. The phase relationships in the output ports are varied to obtain different pattern directions for different applications. The two-way divider system with 180-degree phase difference and three-way divider system are fabricated and measured; simulation results are presented for other designs. The measured results are in good agreement with simulations which confirms the design approach. All systems achieve good performance and meet all design goals including a return loss better than 10 dB in the operating bandwidth, gain higher than 8 dB for all systems, and radiation and polarization efficiencies higher than 80% and 98%, respectively.
Highlights
Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) circuits opened a new view of microwave and mm-wave components
As a tapered slot antenna, the Vivaldi antenna is well-known for its high gain, directive radiation pattern, planar structure and fairly wide bandwidth
[20] are order to include optimized to produce the same amplitude in the three output ports with maximum phase variation effect and accommodate the size of the antipodal Vivaldi array elements
Summary
Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) circuits opened a new view of microwave and mm-wave components. In comparison to conventional waveguides, SIW technology makes it feasible to design low-cost waveguide components such as filters, power dividers, couplers, phase shifters, etc. On a single-layer substrate with low radiation loss and high power handling capability. Regarding the advantages and high level of integration, SIW is considered an excellent type of feeding system for planar antennas. As a tapered slot antenna, the Vivaldi antenna is well-known for its high gain, directive radiation pattern, planar structure and fairly wide bandwidth. Its small transverse spacing makes it a good candidate for antenna arrays [6]. Reference [8] presents a monopulse antenna using a dual
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