Abstract
Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, also known as maqui, is a plant native to Chile without chemical characterization and quantification of the bioactive compounds present in it. HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS studies have shown the presence, at different concentrations, of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds in fruit and leave extracts of the domesticated maqui clones Luna Nueva, Morena, and Perla Negra. The extracts from leaves and unripe fruits of Luna Nueva and Morena clones significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by several agonists; the extracts inhibit platelet granule secretion by decreasing the exposure of P-selectin and CD63 at the platelet membrane. Reactive oxygen species formation in platelets is lower in the presence of maqui extracts. Statistical Pearson analysis supports the levels of phenolic and anthocyanin compounds being responsible for the antiaggregant maqui effects. This work is the first evidence of antiplatelet activity from Aristotelia chilensis giving added value to the use of leaves and unripe fruits from this species.
Highlights
Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, known as maqui, is a vegetal species of the Elaeocarpaceae family that grows in central and southern Chile [1]
MUF (H2O) decreased platelet aggregation induced by Adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP) at all the temperatures of extraction tested, indicating that the conditions of the preparation of the maqui extracts were optimal
The results revealed that phenolic compounds, and not anthocyanins, have powerful antiplatelet activity compared to the control, and may be responsible for the activity shown in the extracts of A. chilensis
Summary
Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, known as maqui, is a vegetal species of the Elaeocarpaceae family that grows in central and southern Chile [1]. The flowering period of maqui is between September to December, while in the summer it produces berries of an intense violet to blackish color [2, 3]. In female plants, flowering can last between one and three weeks, for this reason, the maqui fruit does not ripen uniformly [1, 4]. The Chilean indigenous population has used maqui for medicinal purposes [1, 2]. Most of the biological actions described for maqui are related to the high content of phenols in their fruits, e.g. anthocyanins (for scaffold structures see S1 Fig) [6].
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