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Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure induces DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes skin photoaging through signaling pathways of inflammation and modulation of extracellular matrix remodeling proteins, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). As low molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we examined the protective effects of LMF against UVB-induced photoaging. A UVB-irradiated mouse model was topically treated with myricetin or LMF at 2.0, 1.0 and 0.2 mg/cm2 (LMF2.0, LMF1.0 and LMF0.2, respectively) once a day for 15 weeks. Wrinkle formation, inflammation, oxidative stress, MMP expression, and apoptosis in the treated regions were compared with those in a distilled water-treated photoaging model (UVB control). LMF treatments, particularly LMF2.0 and LMF1.0, significantly inhibited the wrinkle formation, skin edema, and neutrophil recruitment into the photo-damaged lesions, compared with those in the UVB control. While LMF decreased interleukin (IL)-1β release, it increased IL-10. The LMF treatment inhibited the oxidative stresses (malondialdehyde and superoxide anion) and enhanced endogenous antioxidants (glutathione). Additionally, LMF reduced the mRNA expression of MMP-1, 9, and 13. The histopathological analyses revealed the anti-photoaging effects of LMF exerted via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and MMP-9-inhibiting effects. These suggest that LMF can be used as a skin-protective remedy for photoaging.
Highlights
Along with the increasing aging population and their demands for maintaining youthful skin, a development of skin anti-aging agents has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic science fields
We previously showed that topical application of low molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) has dermal wound healing effects with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and modulates extracellular matrix (ECM) rebuilding factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) [18]
Because the LMF treatment was mostly absorbed before the irradiation, the results seemed to be involved in photo-protective effects rather than UV filtering effects
Summary
Along with the increasing aging population and their demands for maintaining youthful skin, a development of skin anti-aging agents has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic science fields. Many topical treatments have been evaluated to reduce photoaging; retinoids, known as Vt. A (i.e., tretinoin, tazarotene, adapalene, retinol and retinaldehyde, alitretinoin), are drugs shown to reverse skin aging. We previously showed that topical application of LMF has dermal wound healing effects with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and modulates ECM rebuilding factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and MMPs [18]. It suggests that LMF exerts biological effects involved in anti-photoaging. We examined the anti-photoaging effects of LMF isolated from E. cava, using an enzymatic hydrolysis technique in UVB-irradiated mice, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects
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