Abstract
Antiphospholipid-protein antibodies (APA) are a family of immunoglobulins which recognize a number of plasma proteins that bind to activated phospholipid membranes. Among these plasma proteins are: β2 Glycoprotein I (β2 GPI), prothrombin, Annexin V, and other vitamin K dependent proteins (e.g., factor X). APA have been associated with venous and arterial events as well as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). It is estimated that 8 to 14% of venous thrombosis is secondary to the presence of APA. APA are the most common cause of acquired thrombophilia. The concept of antibody-mediated thrombosis is now widely accepted.The laboratory diagnosis of APA requires the use of coagulation-based tests to identify lupus anticoagulants (LA) and ELISA assays to identify anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA). The importance of testing for antibodies to β2 GPI is now well recognized. Antibodies to β2 GPI are more specific in identification of patients at risk for thrombosis.
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