Abstract
Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga compounds exhibit various magnetoelastic effects and can be considered as an example of magnetoelastic multiferroics. The interactions between magnetic domain walls, twin boundaries or ferroelastic interfaces and antiphase boundaries (APB) was investigated using newly developed method utilizing magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The method exploits the magnetic contrast arising from different magnetic properties of antiphase boundary and bulk. Here the observation of APBs by MFM in both phases is presented; for the first time in ordered L21 parent cubic phase austenite. In modulated 10M martensite exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect we investigate APBs in the presence of twin boundary and the pining of magnetic domain wall on APBs.
Highlights
Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler compounds belong to a group of magnetoelastic multiferroics, in which we can manipulate the microstructure or structure orientation by magnetic field and vice versa by mechanical force we can manipulate the magnetic state of the material
We recently found that the antiphase boundaries (APB) can be visualized using common magnetic force microscopy (MFM) owing to particular magnetic contrast
The APBs arising from disorder-order transition can be observed in ordered Ni-Mn-Ga compounds owing to magnetic contrast arising from different magnetic properties of bulk and antiphase boundary core
Summary
Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler compounds belong to a group of magnetoelastic multiferroics, in which we can manipulate the microstructure or structure orientation by magnetic field and vice versa by mechanical force (stress) we can manipulate the magnetic state of the material. Owing to large magnetic anisotropy the mechanical stress determines strain and magnetization direction. The twin behaviour can be further modified by the particular magnetic domain structure and the presence of antiphase boundaries.. The twin behaviour can be further modified by the particular magnetic domain structure and the presence of antiphase boundaries.7 These planar defects in ordered L21 structure arise from the order-disorder transition driven by nucleation and growth.. Microscopic method available for APB observation is based on detecting magnetic contrast by Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) owing to different magnetic properties of disordered phase within APB compared to the ordered L21 structure.. We recently found that the APB can be visualized using common magnetic force microscopy (MFM) owing to particular magnetic contrast.22 This is similar to the contrast mechanism. For the first time we observed APBs by MFM in parent cubic phase of austenite with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy
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