Abstract
Canarium subulatum is a traditional medical herb used in South Asia. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effects of C. subulatum methanol extract (Cs-ME) have been reported; however, the effect of Cs-ME on skin physiology has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the protective effect of Cs-ME on UV-induced skin aging and cell death as well as the reinforcing effect on the skin barrier. According to viable cell counting and MTT assays, Cs-ME significantly reduced UV-evoked HaCaT cell death. Cs-ME blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in UV-irradiated HaCaT cells and showed radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS. In addition, H2O2-induced cell death was inhibited by Cs-ME, indicating that Cs-ME protects cells from UV-derived cell death through the suppression of ROS. PCR analysis revealed that Cs-ME diminished the expression of aging-related HYAL-1 and MMP-1 genes in UV-treated HaCaT cells. Elevated HYAL-1 and MMP-1 mRNA expression in H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells was also decreased by Cs-ME, suggesting that Cs-ME exerts antiaging activity via the inhibition of ROS. Expression of skin barrier components including filaggrin and hyaluronic acid synthase-1 was increased by Cs-ME and was modulated by ERK/p38-AP-1 signaling. Collectively, our data show that Cs-ME has cytoprotective and antiaging activity based on antioxidant properties. Furthermore, Cs-ME exerts skin barrier protective ability by regulating the AP-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, Cs-ME has the potential for use as an ingredient in cosmetics to protect the skin from UV irradiation, prevent photoaging, and strengthen the skin barrier.
Highlights
Canarium subulatum is a traditional medical herb used in South Asia
To investigate the photoprotective ability, the influence of C. subulatum methanol extract (Cs-ME) on cell death and skin aging-related gene expression as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed in 30 mJ/cm2 UVB-irradiated HaCaTcells
To study the role of Cs-ME on skin barrier function, mRNA expression of the skin barrier components FLG, TGM-1, and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) was measured in Cs-ME-treated HaCaT cells. e effect of Cs-ME on activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling was explored
Summary
Canarium subulatum is a traditional medical herb used in South Asia. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effects of C. subulatum methanol extract (Cs-ME) have been reported; the effect of Cs-ME on skin physiology has not yet been elucidated. Erefore, in this study, we evaluated the protective effect of Cs-ME on UV-induced skin aging and cell death as well as the reinforcing effect on the skin barrier. Elevated HYAL-1 and MMP-1 mRNA expression in H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells was decreased by Cs-ME, suggesting that Cs-ME exerts antiaging activity via the inhibition of ROS. Expression of skin barrier components including filaggrin and hyaluronic acid synthase-1 was increased by CsME and was modulated by ERK/p38-AP-1 signaling. UV regulates the development of ROS through a variety of mechanisms such as increasing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) synthesis, decreasing protein kinase C (PKC) expression, and regulating enzyme catalase activity [15, 16]. UV-induced ROS reduces skin elasticity by increasing the expression of hyaluronidases (HYALs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for collagen, elastin, and HA degradation, the main components of the extracellular matrix [18]. UV-induced ROS reduces skin elasticity by increasing the expression of hyaluronidases (HYALs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for collagen, elastin, and HA degradation, the main components of the extracellular matrix [18]. erefore, reagents that can inhibit the production of or quickly remove ROS can be used as antiaging ingredients to prevent photoaging
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