Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, antioxidants are often used to protect cells and tissues and reverse oxidative damage. It is well known that iron metabolism underlies the dynamic interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidants in many pathophysiological processes. Both iron deficiency and iron overload can affect redox state, and these conditions can be restored to physiological conditions using iron supplementation and iron chelation, respectively. Similarly, the addition of antioxidants to these treatment regimens has been suggested as a viable therapeutic approach for attenuating tissue damage induced by oxidative stress. Notably, many bioactive plant-derived compounds have been shown to regulate both iron metabolism and redox state, possibly through interactive mechanisms. This review summarizes our current understanding of these mechanisms and discusses compelling preclinical evidence that bioactive plant-derived compounds can be both safe and effective for managing both iron deficiency and iron overload conditions.
Highlights
It is well known that iron metabolism underlies the dynamic interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidants in many pathophysiological processes
G of thislargely iron is in present in hemoglobin for oxygen transport, 2 g is stored in the form2.5 of ferritin, the bone marrow, liver, oxygen transport, and another g is stored in the form of ferritin, largely in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen [9]
Superoxide radical (O2 − ) is the initial reactive species produced during these reactions, serving as the precursor for additional reactive radicals, including H2 O2 and the hydroxyl radical (OH− ), one of the most potent free radical species that can react with a wide range of cellular constituents [36]
Summary
Dietary iron from animal sources (blood and heme-containing proteins) is absorbed better than iron from plant sources (mitochondrial heme) [10,11]. TfR are recycled causes the complex to dissociate, which transferrin the TfRand are the recycled back to the back cell to the cell membrane; transferrin is available to bind iron again, and the. Fe state by a STEAP family reductase can enter the cell directly via an alternate surface transporter surface transporter such 14as(ZIP14, Zrt-Irt-like protein. Under steady-state conditions, the serum ferritin level is directly proportional to total body iron stores; serum ferritin is commonly used as a convenient. Under steady-state conditions, the serum ferritin level is directly proportional to total body iron stores; serum ferritin is commonly used as a convenient laboratory test for estimating iron stores laboratory [19]. Other to pathological conditions unrelated to iron status—for example, chronic inflammation—have been shown to increase serum ferritin [16]
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