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Abstract
Colon cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide and the second most common cause of mortality from cancer. It is caused by many factors such as hereditary, environmental, and dietary factors and insufficiency of physical activity. This study included fifty patients with colon cancer (21 female and 29 male) their ages ranging from 20 to 70 years old. Those patients were enrolled from Al-Hussain Medical City/Kerbala, and 33 healthy subjects who were free from signs and symptoms of cancer their ages were matched with cancer patients as a control group. Reduced glutathione, catalase, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin oxidase were measured in sera of those patients and the control group. The results showed a highly significant decrease (p = 0.0001) in reduced GSH levels and a highly significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the concentration of MDA in sera of colon cancer patients compared with the control group, whereas CAT and Cp oxidase activity did not show a significant difference. The demographic study revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the activity of CAT and a significant increase (p = 0.05) in the level of MDA in male patients comparing with the female group. The results of this study indicate that free radicals and antioxidants play an important role in colon cancer.
Highlights
Colon cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries, and it is caused by many factors like hereditary, environmental, and dietary factors and insufficiency of physical activity (Bjorklund, et al, 2018)
This study revealed a highly significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in reduced GSH levels and a highly significant increase (p < 0.0001) in the concentration of MDA in sera of colon cancer patients compared to the control group
The level of Catalase activity (CAT) was variable in all stages of colon cancer, whereas Negahdar et al (2005) found that CAT levels were decreased in all stages of breast cancer with no effect between stages suggesting high free radical production
Summary
Colon cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries, and it is caused by many factors like hereditary, environmental, and dietary factors and insufficiency of physical activity (Bjorklund, et al, 2018). The production and accumulation of ROS/RNS from endogenous or exogenous sources are termed as oxidative stress, and they are present in many types of tumor cells that are linked with exchanged redox regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Oxidative stress causes the imbalance of cellular redox, which has been found to be existent in various cancer cells compared with normal cells (Gupta, et al, 2014). Lipid peroxidation by ROS/RNS can cause the damage of cell membranes and this lead to cell death (He, et al, 2017). Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were studied in a different type of cancers. In vivo study Harris, et al (2015) showed the role of glutathione and antioxidants in tumor progression and death of the cancer cells. The aim of the study is the association of colon cancer with dangerous oxidative stress and confirm that gradual imbalance of oxidative/anti-oxidative is followed by the development of colon cancer
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