Antioxidants and hypoglycemic effect of some medicinal plants

Asmau Niwoye Abubakar,Evans Chidi Egwim,Abubakar Ndaman Saidu,Helmina Olufunmilayo Akanya

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2019.8.2.0124

Asmau Niwoye Abubakar, Evans Chidi Egwim + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2019.8.2.0124

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Abstract

There is an increasing trend to replace synthetic drugs, which are of safety concern, with the natural remedies available from plant extracts. This study investigated the phytoconstituents as well as antioxidants and hypoglycemic effect of Anarcadium occidentales, Huntaria umbellata, Parkia biglobosa, Psidium guajava and Vitellaria paradoxa. Phytochemicals compositions were assayed using standard procedures. Antioxidant assays employed were ferric reducing antioxidant power and scavenging effect on the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and amylase inhibitory assays were employed for hypoglycemic study. The concentration of phenols ranges from 184.368±0.23 mg/g (Anacardium occidentales) to 120.241±0.01 mg/g (Hunteria umbellata). However, Hunteria umbellata extract had the highest alkaloids (76.76±0.01 mg/g), Parkia biglobosa extract had the highest tanins (137.55±0.05 mg/g) while Vitellaria paradoxa extract had higher saponins (188.50±0.01 mg/g). Flavonoids was higher in Parkia biglobosa (458.06±0.06 mg/g) while Psidium guajava had the least. In DPPH assay A. occidentales extract had the lowest IC50 (217.78±3.45 µg/ml) comparable with the standards while H. umbellata had the highest (IC50=311.72±3.45 µg/ml) and thus lowest activity. Anarcadium occidentales had higher α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50 =171.13±0.14 μg/ml) while Psidium guajava (IC50 =304.64 ±0.14 μg/ml) had the least activity. Oral glucose tolerance revealed the activities of the extracts in order of Anacardium occidentales>Hunteria umbellata>Vitellaria paradoxa>Parkia biglobosa>Psidium guajava. In conclusion, five medicinal plants investigated in this study possesses some antioxidants and hypoglycemic properties with Anacardium occidentales extract being the most potent, which may be attributed to their polyphenolic constituents.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by the alteration in metabolism of the major macromolecules in response to loss of insulin sensitivity or insulin deficiency [1]
Oxidative stress is very important because it unites the pathogenesis of all diabetic complications and plays a role in all other aspects of diabetes pathology [4].According to the study carried out by Dokken et al, [5],a reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, can cause a marked decrease in the insulin stimulation of the insulin signaling proteins like insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and protein kinase B (PKB) as well as glucose transport activity
Authentication of the plants was done at the Herbarium Department of National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja Nigeria with the voucher numbers Anarcadium occidentaess (NIPRD/H/6870/) Parkia biglobosa (NIPRD/H/6868/) Vitellaria paradoxa (NIPRD/H/6867/) Psidium guaja (NIPRD/H/6869/) Huntaria umbellata(NIPRD/H/6871/)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by the alteration in metabolism of the major macromolecules (fat, proteins and carbohydrate) in response to loss of insulin sensitivity or insulin deficiency [1]. According to the recent update by World Health Organization, a total of about 150 million people are diabetic globally, and this is likely to scale up to 300 million by the end of 2022. The dilemma of diabetes complications takes a great burden on global expenditure. Oxidative stress is very important because it unites the pathogenesis of all diabetic complications and plays a role in all other aspects of diabetes pathology [4].According to the study carried out by Dokken et al, [5],a reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, can cause a marked decrease in the insulin stimulation of the insulin signaling proteins like insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and protein kinase B (PKB) as well as glucose transport activity

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Conclusion