Antioxidant-Rich Natural Raw Materials in the Prevention and Treatment of Selected Oral Cavity and Periodontal Diseases.

Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk,Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa,Magdalena Stawarz-Janeczek,Bożena Muszyńska

doi:10.3390/antiox10111848

Abstract

Antioxidant-rich natural raw materials have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in naturotherapy, which is a practice of using products with a natural origin. Natural products can be effective in the treatment and prevention of oral and dental diseases, among others. Such raw materials used in dentistry are characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antiedematous, astringent, anticoagulant, dehydrating, vitaminizing, and—above all—regenerative properties. Reports have shown that a relationship exists between oral diseases and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota colonizing the oral cavity. This review aimed to analyze the studies focusing on the microbiome colonizing the oral cavity in the context of using natural raw materials especially herbs, plant extracts, and isolated biologically active compounds as agents in the prevention and treatment of oral and periodontal diseases such as dental caries as well as mucosal changes associated with salivary secretion disorder. The present work discusses selected plant ingredients exhibiting an antioxidant activity with potential for the treatment of selected oral cavity and periodontal diseases.

Highlights

Since the late 20th century, microorganisms residing in the oral cavity and their impact on human health have been extensively studied by researchers [1]
This review summarizes the effects of different natural products that have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens in the oral cavity, affect microbial adhesion to the oral surface, limit the development of biofilms and plaque, and reduce the symptoms of oral and periodontal diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis as well as counteracting mucosal infections and an impaired salivary secretion
Salivary secretion disorder or a saliva deficiency may lead to a shift in the microbial balance toward pathogenic microorganisms such as C. albicans or S. mutans [5]

Summary

Introduction

Since the late 20th century, microorganisms (microbiome) residing in the oral cavity and their impact on human health have been extensively studied by researchers [1]. Extracts and compounds isolated from Salvadora persica, Juglans regia, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Camellia sinensis, Morus alba, Trachyspermum ammi, Piper betle, Vitis vinifera, Azadirachta indica, Sanguinaria canadensis, Myristica fragrans, Pistacia vera, Artocarpus lakoocha, Polygonum cuspidatum, Helichrysum litoreum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha spicata, Eugenia caryophyllata, and Eucalyptus globulus, among others, have been reported to have a biofilm-inhibiting activity [24] Extracts of plants such as Drosera peltata, Abies canadensis, Albizia julibrissin, Chelidonium majus, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus virginiana, Pinus virginiana, R. officinalis, Sassafras albidum, Coptidis rhizoma, Hamamelis virginiana, Tanacetum vulgare, Breynia nivosus, Allium sativum, Harungana madagascariensis, and Thuja plicata have been demonstrated to inhibit the development of oral pathogens limiting plaque formation and reducing bacterial adhesion as well as alleviating the symptoms of oral diseases [25]. This review summarizes the effects of different natural products that have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens in the oral cavity, affect microbial adhesion to the oral surface, limit the development of biofilms and plaque, and reduce the symptoms of oral and periodontal diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis as well as counteracting mucosal infections and an impaired salivary secretion

Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease

Salivary Secretion Disorder

Prevention of Oral Diseases

Findings

Conclusions