Abstract
<i>Cuminum cyminum</i> is a widely used spice and most valuable medicinal plant in South Asian countries to enhance vitality. This herb has been reported to be used as conventional remedy for many years. In this research, <i>C. cyminum</i> cultivated in Bangladesh was focused on exploring the scavenging ability using different solvents with green extraction technique. This study aims to screen the suitable solvent for the effective <i>C. cyminum</i> extraction followed by the phytochemical analysis and identification of its chemical constituents. The solvents, methanol and n-hexane, were used for the extraction using sonication extraction technique to screen the antioxidant activity of <i>C. cyminum.</i> Moreover, the different solvent ratios (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of ethanol and water were used to investigate the best combination of extracting solvents that can produce <i>C. cyminum</i> extracts with the most desirable and potent antioxidant activities. The metabolites were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The methanol extract showed maximum yield (5.32±2.86%) and IC<sub>50</sub> (3.02±1.97) value concerning n-hexane (3.02±0.78%, 5.08±0.95). However, the range of different solvent ratios (100% ethanol-0% ethanol) yield was 4.11±0.59-14.47±5.36%. On the other hand, the 60% ethanol exhibited the highest inhibitory potential (1.39±1.42µg/ml), and aqueous extract exhibited the lowest inhibitory potential (5.79±3.43µg/ml). Phytochemical investigation showed that tannin and glycosides were present in both extracts. Flavonoids showed a positive result in methanol extract, while anthraquinones and steroids showed a positive result in n-hexane extract. The identified metabolites using GCMS are D-carvone, 1, 3-benzodioxole, squalene, 2H, 6H-benzo [1, 2-b: 5, 4-b'] dipyran-2, 6-dione, D-limonene and apiol. <i>Cuminum cyminum</i> can reduce oxidative damage by potently inhibiting free radicals and can be utilized as natural compounds to scavenge free radical activity.
Highlights
The medicinal plant contains a wide range of polar to nonpolar compounds that contribute to the antioxidant activity and act as free radicals scavengers that lead to many degenerative diseases
To achieve a higher yield of extraction, methanol extract will be a suitable solvent. This result agrees with Sultana and Sabina [3, 17] reported that a higher extraction yield was found when extracting the sample in aqueous methanol
This study showed that the methanol extract of cumin had a more scavenging effect on free radical
Summary
The medicinal plant contains a wide range of polar to nonpolar compounds that contribute to the antioxidant activity and act as free radicals scavengers that lead to many degenerative diseases. Polar solvents are the ideal method for extraction of phenolics and other free radical scavenging activity containing phytochemicals from the natural product. Several studies have been reported on potent biological activities using appropriate solvent system with green extraction that can provide a potential to improve the release of secondary metabolites [1,2,3,4]. Studies on the effect of different solvent and extraction techniques on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of C. cyminum and other plant materials have been reported previously [5,6,7]. There is limited published data on the effects of solvents in antioxidant activities and metabolites constituents of C. cyminum cultivated in Bangladesh
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