Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant properties, the inhibition of selected enzyme activities of ultrasonication-assisted mango seed kernel extract (MSKE), and to evaluate the physical stability and skin irritation properties of a cosmetic cream formulated with MSKE. Methods: Choke-Anan MSKE and a Kaew cultivar of Thai mangoes were prepared by ultrasonication-assisted extraction. Antioxidant activities (DPPH, FRAP, H 2 O 2 scavenging assay, ABTS), antityrosinase, anti 5-lipoxygenase, antihyaluronidase and anti α-glucosidase were determined. Cosmetic creams containing 0, 1, 2 and 3 % of MSKE were prepared and evaluated for physical stability. The most stable formulation was subjected to the clinical skin irritation test. Results: The yield, total polyphenol content, antioxidant properties and inhibition of 5- lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and α-glucosidase were higher (p 0.05) in tyrosinase inhibition activity compared to arbutin. However, a slightly lower α-glucosidase inhibition activity than acarbose was observed. The cosmetic cream containing 1 % Choke-Anan MSKE had good physical stability with no skin irritation. Conclusion: MSKE exhibits good antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity. Thus, it is a potentially natural functional ingredient for use in food and cosmetic industries. Keywords: Mango, Antioxidant, Enzyme inhibitory activities, Cosmetic product stability, Skin irritation
Highlights
Polyphenol phytochemicals have been extensively studied and are the most wellknown bioactive compounds found in plants
The effect of duration of ultrasonication on the extraction yield and total polyphenol content (TPC) of the mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) from the two cultivars are shown in table 1
The results showed that a longer ultrasonication duration gave a significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) extraction yield and TPC of the extracts
Summary
Polyphenol phytochemicals have been extensively studied and are the most wellknown bioactive compounds found in plants. Mango seed kernel extracts have been reported to have antityrosinase, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities [10]. The present study aimed to determine a suitable ultrasonication time for the extraction of two cultivars of Thai mango seed kernel. The application of the mango seed kernel extract in a cosmetic cream was evaluated. The TPCs of the samples were expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of MSKE. The hyaluronidase inhibition activity was determined using sodium hyaluronate as substrate following a previously described method [17]. The Samples were evaluated for phase separation by measuring the supernatant after centrifugation. The samples were centrifuged at 15000 g for 30 min at 4 °C and the supernatant was analysed for TPC using a previously described method [13].
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