Abstract
In order to examine the antioxidant properties of five different extracts of Trifolium pratense L. (Leguminosae) leaves, various assays which measure free radical scavenging ability were carried out: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenger capacity tests and lipid peroxidation assay. In all of the tests, only the H2O and (to some extent) the EtOAc extracts showed a potent antioxidant effect compared with BHT and BHA, well-known synthetic antioxidants. In addition, in vivo experiments were conducted with antioxidant systems (activities of GSHPx, GSHR, Px, CAT, XOD, GSH content and intensity of LPx) in liver homogenate and blood of mice after their treatment with extracts of T. pratense leaves, or in combination with CCl4. Besides, in the extracts examined the total phenolic and flavonoid amounts were also determined, together with presence of the selected flavonoids: quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, naringenin and kaempferol, which were studied using a HPLC-DAD technique. HPLC-DAD analysis showed a noticeable content of natural products according to which the examined Trifolium pratense species could well be regarded as a promising new source of bioactive natural compounds, which can be used both as a food supplement and a remedy.
Highlights
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants.The group is the third largest land plant family, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species [1]
The presented antioxidant activity results show that the EtOAc and H2O extracts of T. pratense leaves are efficient in protection of tissues and cells from oxidative stress
The following biochemical parameters were analyzed in blood hemolysate and liver homogenate: extent of lipid peroxidation (LPx) was determined after Buege and Aust [50], peroxidase (Px) activity was measured after Simon et al [51], catalase activity (CAT) after Beers and
Summary
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species [1]. The. Trifolium taxa is one of the most important genera of the Leguminosae family, both in terms of its agricultural value and the number of species (about 300) [2]. (red clover) contains high concentrations of isoflavonoids, compounds widely distributed in the Leguminosae family [4,5]. Red clover is characterized by the presence of the other important plant phenolic substances such as phenolic acids (caffeic, rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid) [9]. Phytoestrogens present in T. pratense are effective antioxidants and may have tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity. Extracts of T. pratense leaves were used to study in vivo effects on some antioxidant systems in the experimental animal’s liver and blood-hemolysate in. Combination with and without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), in order to prove possible antioxidative activities of these secondary medicaments
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