Abstract
ABSTRACT: Extraction conditions are an important factor in the process of obtaining bioactive compounds from plant matrix. These compounds differ structurally. Structures of phyto-compounds and their interactions with other food ingredient are not fully known, while these two aspects should play a significant role in extrahents choice and determination of extraction process conditions. Mulberry (Morus alba) is a plant growing in Asia, which fruits are rich in bioactive ingredients and high anti-oxidative potential. In our study we analyzed mulberry fruits extracts differing in the extra hent applied: acetone, methanol, ethanol and water. All tested extracts possessed rich polyphenolic composition and radical scavenging ability. The significant differences among the extracts in phenolic acids and flavonoids compositions were noticed, where the highest values were observed for acetone extract. The extrahent applied affects the antioxidative profile of tested samples, as well. The highest scavenging activity against ABTS was observed for acetone and ethanol extracts, while the poorest activity had water extract. Similar results were provided for ferrous ion reducing test and Fe chlating activity (acetone>ethanol>methanol>water). These results are helpful when selecting solvents with appropriate bioactive compounds compositions and high phytochemical profiles to be used as ingredients in supplements, as well as in functional foods.
Highlights
The mulberry has a long history of domestication and grows across an extensive range of soil, geographical and climatic conditions
Several investigations have revealed the presence of many bioactive components in all Morus varieties, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, vitamins, fats, sugars, and minerals
It is known that many bioactivities, such as antioxidant effects, are linked to the presence of phenolics in mulberry fruit
Summary
The mulberry (genus Morus, family Moracea) has a long history of domestication and grows across an extensive range of soil, geographical and climatic conditions. Mulberry has become more popular in the world because of its antioxidant effects. More mulberry fruit and its extract are used in food products and pharmaceuticals. Several investigations have revealed the presence of many bioactive components in all Morus varieties, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, vitamins, fats (mainly linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid), sugars, and minerals. It is known that many bioactivities, such as antioxidant effects, are linked to the presence of phenolics in mulberry fruit. This content differs between different kinds of mulberry trees. There is a much higher anthocyanin content in black mulberry fruits
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