Abstract
The fruits G. asiatica, E. jambolana and C. carandas were extracted with methanol and the extracts were partitioned into four polyphenolic fractions: Flavanols, flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins using solid phase extraction. Each fraction was then analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity by DPPH, beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay and total reducing power. Total phenolics ranged 6.64-107, 56.20-398, 33.38-315 and 20-201 mg/100 g in phenolic acid, flavanol, flavonol and anthocyanin fractions respectively of these fruits which explained the order of their antioxidant activity and reducing power as flavanols > flavonols > anthocyanins > phenolic acid. Total phenolics were highest in E. jambolana fractions (107-398 mg/100 g) but the maximum antioxidant activity (62-85% in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 58-89% in ?-carotene-linoleic acid assay) was shown by the fractions in G.asiatica (total phenolics, 67-151 mg/100 g). At all concentrations, the DPPH scavenging activity of flavanol fraction in G. asiatica (85% at 20 ppm) was comparable to BHA (89%).
Highlights
The over production of active oxygen species like O2, H2O2 and OH− may lead to tissue injury (Thomas, 1995), DNA damage, thiol oxidation and lipid peroxidation (Halliwell et al, 1995), cardiac disorder, chronic gut inflammation, cancer and AIDS in humans (Halliwell et a1., 1992)
The fruits G. asiatica, E. jambolana and C. carandas were extracted with methanol and the extracts were partitioned into four polyphenolic fractions: Flavanols, flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins using solid phase extraction
None of the studies have reported the antioxidant activities associated to the various polyphenolic fractions of G. asiatica and C. carandas separated from the crude extracts on the basis of their chemistry
Summary
The over production of active oxygen species like O2, H2O2 and OH− may lead to tissue injury (Thomas, 1995), DNA damage, thiol oxidation and lipid peroxidation (Halliwell et al, 1995), cardiac disorder, chronic gut inflammation, cancer and AIDS in humans (Halliwell et a1., 1992). Flavonoids, a family of polyphenolic compounds, are widely distributed pigments, possessing anti-radical and chelating properties They can scavenge free hydroxyl and peroxy radicals or may extract iron ions to depress superoxide-driven Fenton reaction (Afanas'ev et al, 1989). None of the studies have reported the antioxidant activities associated to the various polyphenolic fractions of G. asiatica and C. carandas separated from the crude extracts on the basis of their chemistry. Several studies have reported the isolation of polyphenolic compounds with their respective antioxidant capacities in E. jambolana but the way the fractionation has been performed, types of the fractions separated on the basis of their chemical nature and the correlation of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins in each fraction with their antioxidant activities presented in this study is quite different and new
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